Page 1 79 108 1-40 Bluntschli * ** *** 1903 Bluntschli Bluntschli 19

14 no. State, no Nation no Nation, no State Bluntschli, 1885: 126 ..... Ph. D. candidate of Department of Political Science, Chinese Culture University. E-mail: ...
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߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 79 ഇƟϔ઼ 108 ѐ 3 ͡Ɵࢱ 1-40

ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅* ໅‫إ‬ጏ**ă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ***





ୖୁ෹۞߆‫ޥڼ‬ຐд 1903 ѐ࢒࡚̝‫ޢ‬΍னλ̂۞ᖼតĄдѩ݈Ă ୖୁ෹ͧྵ้Ш‫ٺ‬ϔᝋ‫ڼ߆׶‬វր۞តજćд̝‫݋ޢ‬ᔌ‫ܲٺ‬чăͅ၆ В‫׻ࢭ׶‬Ą҃൑ኢߏд‫ޥ‬ຐᖼត̝݈ٕ̝‫ޢ‬Ă‫׎‬ኢࢗౌߏͽĶ઼ϔķ ఺˘มତଂ Bluntschli ᚶ‫۞ֽ҃צ‬ໄ‫ࠎه‬८͕Ą ώ͛ྏဦᖣϤਔඛ͹ཌྷ۞ࡁտ͞‫޽ֽڱ‬΍Ăୖୁ෹ߏૄ‫ٺ‬༊ॡ۞ ଐ๕‫̙׶‬Т۞ϲಞĂ‫׎פ‬ٙᅮ۞ొ̶ֹֽϡ Bluntschli ۞઼ϔໄ‫ه‬Ą ̝҃ٙͽ΁ਕૉтѩֹϡѩ˘ໄ‫ه‬Ă‫ߏ݋‬Яࠎ఺˘ໄ‫ه‬໚‫ ٺ‬19 ͵ࡔ۞ ᇇ઼઼छጯĄ‫ޢ‬۰۞পᕇߏĂ‫׎‬ώኳࠎˠϔ͹ᝋᄃӖ͹͹ᝋ̝‫۞ۋ‬ԁ ‫͞ם‬९ĂЯѩ‫׍‬ѣ‫ّࢬ׌‬ĂϺӈТॡΒӣ˞ѣӀ‫ٺ‬ϔᝋ۞ొ̶Ϻ‫׍‬ѣ ѣӀ‫ٺ‬Ӗ͹‫̶ొ۞ט‬Ą ᙯᔣෟĈ ୖୁ෹ăBluntschliă઼छጯă઼ϔăਔඛ͹ཌྷ

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DOI:10.6166/TJPS.201903_(79).0001 ώ͛ࣧ൴ܑ‫઼ٺ‬ϲ߆‫̂ڼ‬ጯᓝᏱ̝έ៉߆‫ڼ‬ጯົѐົၱĶϔ͹ј‫ܜ‬ᄃϔ͹֔фĈέ៉ Ăົ̚ຏᔁ‫׹‬छ༉ ྋᚑˬȈѐ۞࠷‫ޥ‬ķ઼ᅫጯఙࡁ੅ົĞϔ઼ 106 ѐ 11 ͡ 11-12 ͟ğ ି଱۞ෞኢĄ֭ϺຏᔁˬҜઠЩᆶߤˠ۞࣒Լ‫ޙ‬ᛉĄ ** ઼ϲ̋̂̚ጯ߆‫ڼ‬ጯࡁտٙӄநି଱ĂE-mail: [email protected]Ą ***̼͛̂ጯ߆‫ڼ‬ր౾̀ϠĂE-mail: [email protected]Ą ќቇ͟ഇĈ106 ѐ 11 ͡ 21 ͟ć఼࿅͟ഇĈ108 ѐ 3 ͡ 5 ͟

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ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ

ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

ಥăયᗟᄃࡦഀ д୻ϐϔ‫ڼ߆۞ܐ‬ኢ‫ۋ‬༊̚Ăѣ˘Ҝன̫͌ჷ‫׎‬Щ۞ጯ۰ Johann Caspar Bluntschli (1808-1881)Ăд༊ॡ‫ݒ‬൴Ϡ˞ࢦࢋ۞நኢᇆᜩ˧ĄBluntschli ߏ ༄̀ˠĂҭд 19 ͵ࡔ˭Ηཧ۞ᇇ઼‫ڱ‬ጯࠧ‫݋‬ѣ඾࠹༊ࢦࢋ۞நኢгҜĄֶ ፂ Stolleis ۞ᄲ‫ڱ‬ĂBluntschli ߏд 1848 ѐ̝‫ ۞ޢ‬20 ѐมĂᇇ઼‫ڱ‬ጯࠧ΃ ّܑˠ‫ۏ‬ĞStolleis, 1992: 430ğĄѩγĂ‫׎‬ᇆᜩ˧˵‫ٺࢨ่ܧ‬ᇇ઼ĄϤ‫׎ٺ‬ ඾үĮ˘ਠ઼छ‫ڱ‬į1ăĮ͛‫઼ځ‬छ۞‫઼΃ܕ‬ᅫ‫ڱ‬įඈజᖙᛌјк઼ᄬ֏Ă Яѩд઼छጯă઼ᅫ‫ڱ‬ᅳાֳѣ઼ᅫ৺۞ጯఙᓏ᜖Ąੵѩ̝γĂ΁ણᄃበ ᚷ۞ĮᇇຍԠ઼छᙜ‫׏‬į Ă˵јࠎ༊ॡ̳‫ڱ‬ጯૄώໄ‫ࢋࢦ۞ه‬඾үĂॡҌ̫ ͟Ă఺इᙜ‫ڼ߆ߏ̪׏‬ໄ‫ه‬Ϋࡁտ۞ࢦࢋણ҂ྤफ़ĄЯߏ̝߇Ă΁д‫ֲڌ‬ Ğͧт͟ώğТᇹ‫׍‬ѣ࠹༊۞ᇆᜩ˧Ă˵ಶдଐந̝̚˞ĄႬ‫ޢ‬Ă୻ϐ̚ ઼ۢᙊЊ̄‫݋‬มତ౅࿅͛͟۞ᖙᛌĂซ˘Վгӛৼ˞ Bluntschli ֹٙϡ۞ந ኢ‫׶‬ໄ‫ه‬Ă֭ͷͽѩֽ̬ˢॡኢĄ2 ͍‫ߏ׎‬д 1905 ѐ݈‫ޢ‬ϲጳࠁ‫۞ࠁ׻ࢭ׶‬ ኢ‫̚ۋ‬Ăᗕ͞ౌТॡ೯͔˞ Bluntschli ۞ໄ‫ه‬үࠎநፂĄপҾߏୖୁ෹Ă΁ ่̙д 1905 ѐ̝݈ಶкѨ೯͔ăᛚࢗ Bluntschli ۞઼छநኢĂՀд఺ಞኢ ‫ۋ‬༊͔̝̚ࠎநኢྤ໚ĂࠤҌֹ࢝Т༖ົ۞ࢭ‫˵ࠁ׻‬Тᇹ଀ֹϡ‫׎‬நኢү ࠎֶፂĂֽͅᅺୖୁ෹۞ᄲෟĄϤѩΞ֍Ă༊ॡ઼ۢ̚ᙊࠧٙ‫ זצ‬Bluntschli ۞ᇆᜩ̝எĄ ၟҌϫ݈Ăጯ̙ࠧͻѣጯ۰៍၅‫ ז‬Bluntschli ၆‫ୁୖٺ‬෹۞ᇆᜩĄт д 1971 ѐૺҢߵАϠ‫̏ܮ‬எˢॶந˞ୖୁ෹၆‫ ٺ‬Bluntschli ઼छጯ۞ᚶ‫צ‬ 1

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ྍ३В΍ 6 ࣎‫ۍ‬ώĂ౵‫ܐ‬д 1852 ѐ΍‫ۍ‬Ă҃‫޺ޢ‬ᜈ࣒ԼᆧࢎĄௐˬ‫ۍ‬ॡมߏ 1863 ѐă ௐα‫ ۍ‬1868 ѐĂҌௐ̣‫סˬࠎ̶ٵ݋ۍ‬Ă֭ԼჍࠎĮன΃઼छநኢįĞDie Lehre vom Ă‫̚׎‬ௐ˘‫۞ס‬ઘᇾᗟࠎĮ˘ਠ઼छጯįĞAllgemeine Statslehreğ Ăௐ˟ modernen Staatğ ‫۞ס‬ઘᇾᗟ‫ࠎ݋‬Į˘ਠ઼छጯįĞAllgemeines StatsrechtğĄ ᙯ‫ ٺ‬Bluntschli ၆‫ٺ‬ለ߷ă͟ώ۞ᇆᜩĂΞણ֍‫઼ڱ‬႔ጯछ͐೻འĞMarianne BastidĞ1997Ĉ225-226ğٙࢗͽ̈́ዑМϔĞ2003Ĉ282-252ğ ĄѩγĂBastid Ϻ޽΍Ă Bruguièreğ ઼̚౵ѝ၆‫ ٺ‬Bluntschli ۞ᄮᙊĂ˜ߏТ͛ᐡֶፂ˚㉓։д 1880 ѐॲፂ‫͛ڱ‬ᛌώᖙᛌ Bluntschli ۞Į͛‫઼ځ‬छ۞‫઼΃ܕ‬ᅫ‫ڱ‬į Ąͧ੓͟‫ୁୖޢ‬෹ĶᖼᛌķĮ઼छጯį˘३Ăѝ ˞‫ ܕ‬20 ѐĄ

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 79 ഇƟϔ઼ 108 ѐ 3 ͡

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ĞૺҢߵĂ1971ğĄႬ‫ڈૺޢ‬๩‫ᦚ׶‬ДपАϠ˵޽΍˞Ăୖୁ෹д 1903 ѐ ̝‫ޢ‬ฟؕͅ၆В‫׻ࢭ׶‬Ă‫׎‬ٙ‫۞޺ٱ‬நኢૄᖂ̝˘ϒߏ BluntschliĞᦚД पĂ1966Ĉ94-99ćૺ‫ڈ‬๩Ă1982Ĉ164-65ğĄѩγĂѦἕ໚‫݋‬ଂТ༖ົࢭ ‫ޘ֎۞ࠁ׻‬Ăֽྋ‫ࠁ׻ࢭژ‬ᄃୖୁ෹͔ٙϡ۞நኢྤ໚ͽ̈́‫ૄ۞ࠁ׌‬ώϲ ಞमளĞ1985ğĄࣃ଀‫ڦ‬ຍ۞ߏĂ˯ࢗࡁտ͹ࢋჸ൏д 1903 ѐ߆‫ڼ‬ϲಞ႙ ᔌܲч‫ୁୖ۞ޢ‬෹‫ޥ‬ຐĂ3 ֭ଂ఺˘͞Шֽ੅ኢநྋ Bluntschli ၆‫ୁୖٺ‬෹ ۞‫ޥ‬ຐᇆᜩĄࡶߏϤѩྚᛖྮशĂ‫଀ົܮ‬΍ୖୁ෹Яࠎତ‫˞צ‬ᇇ઼઼छጯ ۞ѣ፟ኢ៍ᕇĂ߇ͅ၆ࢭ‫׻‬ăͅ၆߆‫۞˯ڼ‬፬ซតࢭĂࠤҌ˵ͅ၆ଳҖВ ‫׶‬វ‫ࢋ҃ט‬ՐӖ͹‫ט‬Ą 4 ҭ‫ܕ‬ѐֽĂ‫݋‬ѣາ۞ࡁտј‫ڍ‬ᙯ‫ୁୖזڦ‬෹၆‫ ٺ‬Bluntschli ጯᄲ۞ᚶ‫צ‬Ă ၁‫ࢋ݋‬ѝ‫ ٺ‬1903 ѐĄдѩ݈Ăୖୁ෹۞߆‫ڼ‬ϲಞྵࠎ፬ซĂ΁ͅ၆Ӗ͹૞ ‫֭ט‬ͷࢋՐҩૺϔᝋĄѣ኷۞ߏĂࡶߏͿ௟៍၅΁఺߱జࡁտ۰ᄮࠎྵࠎ ᎕ໂăซՎّ۞֏ኢĂְ၁˯˵‫΁׶‬၆‫ ٺ‬Bluntschli நኢ۞ዦ᝝‫׶‬Ӏϡѣ඾ ღ૜۞ᙯܼĂՀቁ̷гᄲĂୖୁ෹ӛќ˞ Bluntschli ۞Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ه‬Ă֭ͷ ૟ˠϔଂజ‫ڼ‬۰ăଂĶҊϔķ۞ҜཉĂ‫ז̿ٶ‬јࠎ઼छ۞͹វĂ‫ܕ˞଀פ‬ Ҭ‫ٺ‬Ķ̳ϔķ۞֎ҒĄ 5 ˠࣇ̙ᙱ൴னĂ఺‫׌‬჌̙Т֕Ш۞៍၅Ăౌ૟Ķѣ፟ኢķͽ̈́ፂѩ҃ ௡ᖐ੓ֽ۞Ķ઼ϔķ༊јྚᛖ۞੓ᕇĂҭ‫଀ݒ‬΍̙Т۞઎ࢦ̝఍Ĉ˘۰ૻ አܲч҃ͅ၆ϔ͹ࢭ‫ୁୖ۞׻‬෹ćΩ˘۰‫࠹ߏ݋‬၆ซՎăૻአ઼ϔ۞͹ᝋ ͽ̈́߆‫ڼ‬ᝋӀ۞ୖୁ෹Ą఺˵ಶ૲΍˞ซ˘Վ۞યᗟĈࠎңᖣϤТᇹ۞ໄ ‫ه‬Ăୖୁ෹ົ૲΍मளтѩ̝̂۞நኢ֕Шĉ҃఺ֱ̙Т˫૲ѣღૺ኏ࡎ

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1903 ѐ݈‫ޢ‬Ăୖୁ෹࢒࡚Ă఺߱ॡมΞᏜߏୖୁ෹‫ޥ‬ຐᖼԶ۞ࢦࢋѐЊĄдѩ݈Ăୖ ୁ෹۞‫ޥ‬ຐ้Шྵࠎ፬ซĂࠤҌԓጔࢭ‫׻‬Ąҭдѩ‫ޢ‬Ă΁‫݋‬ᄮࠎ፬ধࢭ‫̙׻‬ዋϡ‫̚ٺ‬ ăૺ‫ڈ‬๩Ğ1982Ĉ ઼Ă҃ᑕ༊ͽ႙ซёгតࢭĄ၆ѩᖼԶĂΞણ֍ᦚДपĞ1966Ĉ86-101ğ 163-175ğĄ҃เҹ‫ିڠ‬଱‫׻ࢭͽ̙݋‬ƟԼࢭ఺˘௡ໄ‫ه‬၆ϲĂ҃ଳ‫פ‬ᖼ̼Ɵአዋ۞ϡ ᄬֽᄲ‫ୁୖځ‬෹ವՐ႙ซតࢭ۞Ķአዋ‫ޥ‬ຐķĂ၆ѩΞણ֍เҹ‫ڠ‬Ğ1994ğĄ ᓝּ҃֏Ă઼̰۞ࡁտ޺ѩ៍ᕇ۰ѣᦚДपĞ1966Ĉ95-100ğ ăૺ‫ڈ‬๩Ğ1982Ĉ163-167ğ ć дঔγĂϺѣࡁտଳѩ៍ᕇĞChang, 1971: 247-262ćLei, 2010: 150-154ğĄ ၆ѩࡁտ͞ШĂΞણ֍͐೻འĞ1997Ĉ231-132ğ ăՔ‫ڗ‬ဋĞ2002ğ ĄΩγĂૺҢߵି଱ дѝѐ۞ࡁտ༊̚ĂϺѣர຋޽΍Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫͔۞ه‬ˢĂд‫ޥ‬ຐΫ˯۞ຍཌྷᄃࢦࢋّ Ğ1971Ĉ18-25ğĄ

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ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ

ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

ᙯܼ۞ྚᛖ͞ШĂߏӎ‫ ׶‬Bluntschli ۞நኢඕၹѣᙯĉ ၆‫ֱ఺ٺ‬યᗟĂώ͛Ћဦֶೈᆓ፜ጯࠁ۞Ķਔඛ͹ཌྷķ Ğcontextualismğ ͞‫ֽڱ‬நྋ֭ΐͽ఍நĄт Skinner ٙᄲĂдซҖ͛ώྚᛖॡĂĶ֭‫ܧ‬ԆБ ૟̝үࠎ‫ܑࢗ۞هܫ‬Ą҃ߏĂԧࣇ૟͛ώ༊үߏ၆༊ॡ۞߆‫ڼ‬ኢ᜜ซҖ˘ ჌প‫ؠ‬ͷ࠹༊ኑᗔ۞̬ˢĞinterventionğ Ąԧࣇ̙ߏдય੺ૄჯӀ‫ۺ‬ᄮ˞̦ ᆃć҃ߏдયĂд݈͔ࢗ͛̚΁дઇ̦ᆃćࠤҌΞͽᄲĂԧࣇдય۞ߏĂ ΁дᄲ΍఺߱ྖॡĂ̦ᆃߏ΁ٙχზ۞Ğ2013Ĉ198ğĄķЯѩĂд఺ᇹࡁ տ‫פ‬Ш༊̚ĂՀࠎઐࢦ۞ߏଣۢᆷү۰۞͹ૺᄃ‫ޢࡦهܫ‬ٙᛃӣ۞ຍᙊԛ ၗ‫פ‬ШĞSkinner, 2013: 199ğĄ࠹၆ᑕгĂୖୁ෹၆‫ ٺ‬Bluntschli ۞நྋ‫׶‬ ྚᛖĂ‫ܮ‬ᑕ༊జෛࠎߏ΁ٙଳ‫۞פ‬ĶۤົҖજķ Ąт‫ۺڍ‬ᄮ఺࣎΍൴ᕇĂ֤ ᆃ၆‫ٺ‬ώֽ͛ᄲĂտౣୖୁ෹ߏӎĶϒቁķ҃ĶԆፋķгநྋ֭ྚᛖ Bluntschli ۞நኢĂಶ̙ߏ֤ᆃࢦࢋ˞Ąᄃѩ࠹ͅĂώ͛۞ૄώϲಞ‫ߏ݋‬૟ୖୁ෹ᙯ‫ٺ‬ Bluntschli ۞३ᆷෛࠎߏ̬ˢ߆‫۞ڼ‬ኢࢗĂ˵ಶߏᄲĂ΁дૄ‫ڼ߆׎ٺ‬ϲಞ ۞݈೩˭Ăົѣຍဦг‫ פ‬Bluntschli ۞ໄ‫ه‬ᄃநኢ҃ϡ̝Ăᖣͽᄲ‫ځ‬ăᙋϲ ҋ֗۞ϲಞĂТॡᄃТॡ΃۞၆ϲϲಞणฟ‫ۋ‬᜜Ąࡶߏ౅࿅఺ᇹ۞៍၅ෛ ֎Ă‫ࢬ݈݋‬ٙ೩̈́ୖୁ෹ᚶ‫ צ‬Bluntschli ۞‫ࢬ࣎׌‬ШĂ‫ܮ‬Ξͽநྋࠎߏ΁ д͛фᄃ३ᆷ˯ͅߍ˞ҋ֗‫ ٺ‬1903 ѐ‫ڼ߆ܐ‬ϲಞ۞ᖼԶĄ҃ώ͛ٙࢋઇ ۞Ă˵ಶߏᗃ୻΁д̙Т۞߆‫ڼ‬ϲಞ˭Ăтңֹϡͽֹ̈́ϡ˞ Bluntschli நኢ۞ֱࣹొ̶Ą ੵ˞ୖୁ෹ᚶ‫צ‬γ઼நኢ۞ன၁ਔඛᄃજ፟ĂТॡ˵ᑕ༊аඍΩγ˘ ࣎೩યĈBluntschli ۞நኢώ֗ߏӎ‫׍‬౯˞ߙ჌পᕇĂЯѩୖୁ෹̖ਕд఺ ᇹ۞நኢૄᖂ˯൴ण΍̙Т֕ШĂࠤҌ˘‫ؠ‬඀‫̢࠹˯ޘ‬၆ϲ۞ኢࢗĄ఺ᕇ υืࢋа‫ ז‬Bluntschli ۞‫׎̈́ྮޥ‬நኢдྍॡ΃ਔඛ༊̚۞߆‫ڼ‬ຍஉĂ֭д ఺ֱ҂၅۞ૄᖂ˯̖ਕ଀‫ז‬Ԇፋ۞ྋඍĄд 19 ͵ࡔ۞ᇇຍԠгડĂ઼छѣ ፟ኢ˜ߏ˘࣎Яᑕ༊ॡ߆‫ࡦڼ‬ഀ҃Ϡ۞ጳ߆ԁ‫͞ם‬९Ăٙͽಶ̫͟۞ீЍ ࠻ֽĂѣ፟ኢώ֗ಶ‫׍‬ѣ఍‫ٺ‬Ӗ͹͹ᝋᄃˠϔ͹ᝋ̝ม۞ᑩߎኑᗔপّĄ ώ͛ͽࠎĂୖୁ෹֭‫ߏܧ‬д 1903 ѐ̖ฟؕଳৼ઼छѣ፟ኢͽ઼̈́ϔໄ‫ه‬Ă ͷ‫ ׎‬1903 ѐ݈‫ޥ۞ޢ‬ຐត̼˵̙ߏଂҬᑖ‫ܧ‬ᑖ‫ז‬ৌϒਕૉೠ೪۞‫ޥ‬ຐ൴ण ࿅඀Ă҃ߏЯࠎ઼छѣ፟ኢࣧώಶ‫׍‬ѣ۞Ϭ࠼পّĂֹ଀ୖୁ෹дֹϡ‫׎‬ ໄ‫۞ه‬ॡ࣏ĂΞૄ‫׎ٺ‬ϲಞ଀΍̙Т۞઎ࢦ൏ᕇĂซ҃ฟण΍၆ϲ۞ኢࢗĄ

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 79 ഇƟϔ઼ 108 ѐ 3 ͡

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ࡶߏтѩĂ‫݋‬аᐝΝॶந Bluntschli ώ֗۞३ᆷĂ֭ͷଂ̳‫ڱ‬Ϋ۞֎ ‫̷ޘ‬ˢΝኘኢѣ፟ኢд༊ॡٙ‫׍‬ѣ۞߆‫ڼ‬ຍஉĂಶѣ‫׎‬υࢋĄΞଓ۞ߏĂ Ҍϫ݈ࠎͤĂ႔ᄬ͵̪ࠧ͌ѣ͛ώϤѩ΍൴ĂГᖣͽͧ၆ୖୁ෹۞ໄ‫ه‬ᄃ ‫ޥ‬ຐĄ6 ҭ఺၆‫̺ٺ‬ઙ΍ Bluntschli ઼छጯ‫ޥ‬ຐ၆‫ୁୖٺ‬෹఺߱ᇆᜩΫ۞Ԇ ፋဦညĂ˫੓‫˞ז‬ᙯᔣّ۞үϡĄЯѩĂώ͛૟ͽ Bluntschli ۞Ķ઼ϔķ఺ ˘ໄ‫ه‬඾͘Ăॶந‫׎‬ѣ፟ኢ༊ॡдᇇຍԠгડٙ੓‫ڼ߆۞ז‬үϡĂତ඾Г ៍၅ୖୁ෹၆‫ٺ‬Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫۞ه‬ӛৼĂͽ̈́΁۞३ᆷٙ૲જ۞઼ϔኢࢗ۞ Ꮈ੓Ą

෮ăBluntschli நኢ̚۞Ķ઼ϔķ ໄ‫ه‬ᄃ઼छѣ፟ኢ дซˢ‫ ז‬Bluntschli ۞நኢߛၹ݈Ăυื૟΁ٙ‫ؠ‬ཌྷ۞Ķϔ୉ķ‫׶‬Ķ઼ ϔķ఺‫࣎׌‬ໄ‫ه‬ගАҖᗃ୻ĂЯ఺˘௡ໄ‫۞ه‬၆ϲ่̙‫΁׶‬ҋ̎၆‫઼ٺ‬छ ۞៍‫ه‬ᄃຐညѣᙯĂ˵ᄃ 19 ͵ࡔϐ̝‫ޢ‬Ă͟ώᄃ઼ۢ̚ᙊЊ̄၆‫׎‬ໄ‫۞ه‬ ᖙᛌ‫׶‬நྋѣღ૜ᙯాĄ҃ώ͛‫݋‬Я੅ኢᗟϫٙ‫ݫ‬Ă߇Ϊჸ൏дĶ઼ϔķ ఺˘ໄ‫˯ه‬Ą т‫ڍ‬ଂĮ˘ਠ઼छ‫ڱ‬į۞ௐ˘‫ۍ‬Ğ1852 ѐğֽ࠻Ă༊ॡ Bluntschli ̪ତ ‫˘צ‬ਠдࡻă‫ڱ‬ᄬဩ̚۞ᄬ֏ֹϡĂ҃ᄮࠎĶNationķ˘ෟߏ࣎߆‫۞ڼ‬ໄ‫ه‬Ą ЯѩĂ΁૟̝ඈТ‫ٺ‬Ķ઼छຍཌྷ˯۞ˠϔĞVolkğ ĂϺӈ઼ϔĞStaatsvolkğķ Ą7 ҭߏĂ̂࡭д 1862 ѐ΁ࠎĮᇇຍԠ઼छᙜ‫׏‬įٙᆷ۞ෟ୧IJϔ୉ă઼ϔᄃ ϔ୉ࣧ‫݋‬ij ĞNation, Volk und Nationalitätsprincipğͽ̈́ 1863 ѐĮ˘ਠ઼छ‫ڱ‬į ௐˬ‫ޢ̝ۍ‬ĂBluntschli ಶ‫ځ‬ቁгԯᇇֹ͛ٙ̚ϡ۞ĶVolkķ˘ෟྫྷଂٛ˚ 6

7

͌ѣ۞ּγߏ઼̚ጯ۰ዑМϔĂ΁д‫׎‬३̚௟ቜгᛚࢗ˞ Bluntschli ۞Ϡπ‫ޥ׶‬ຐд ༊ॡᇇ઼۞үϡĂͽ̈́‫઼׎‬छጯ၆‫͟ڼځٺ‬ώ۞ᇆᜩĄҭΞଓ΁̪ߏ౅࿅͟ώጯ۰۞ ̬̚Ăมତгೠ೪ Bluntschli ۞៍ᕇĄ дᇇ͛༊̚ĂVolk ˘ෟຍࠎĶˠϔķă Ķϔ୉ķĂ̂࡭˯‫ ۞͛ࡻ׶‬people ‫׎‬ຍ࠹༊Ą҃д ઼छጯ‫ڱ̳׶‬ጯ༊̚Ăࠎ˞ࡎព΍‫ڼ߆׎‬ຍஉ֭ૻአଂᛳ‫઼ٺ‬छ۞֗ЊĂЯѩ૱ົᄃ Ķ઼छķĞStaatğ௡ЪјĶ઼ϔķĞStaatsvolkğ˘ෟĄBluntschli ѩ఍ᄲ‫ࠎڱ‬ĈĶԧࣇЯ ѩѣυࢋ૟ҋ൒ຍཌྷ˯۞ˠϔĂϺӈҋ൒ˠĞNaturvolkğྫྷ઼छຍཌྷ˯۞ˠϔĂϺӈ Ąķ ઼ϔٕ۰ߏ ǕǕ тԧࣇ˵ΞͽтѩჍ̝۞ ǕǕ ϔ୉ĞNationğගડ̶ฟֽĞ1852Ĉ40ğ

6

ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ

ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

ᄬրᚶ‫۞ֽ҃צ‬ĶNationķගડ࿣ฟֽĂ֭ͷ̶Ҿග΍˞୻຾۞‫ؠ‬ཌྷĄ΁ ᄮࠎĂᇇ઼‫׶‬ĶҘ͞ķ۞ᄬ֏ֹϡѣ̙ٙТĄдĶҘ͞ķ Ă˵ಶߏ‫ࡻ׶઼ڱ‬ ઼ٙᄲ۞ NationĂᑕ༊జநྋࠎᇇ͛྆ᐝ۞ Volkć҃ĶҘ͞ķٙᄲ۞ peuple ٕ peopleĂ̖ߏᇇ͛༊̚۞ NationĞBluntschli, 1862: 152ć1874: 36ć1881: 74ğĄ၆ѩĂBluntschli (1862: 152) ఺ᆃ೩‫ז‬Ĉ ĶҘ͞۞ᄲ‫ߏڱ‬૟ Nation நྋࠎ߆‫˯ڼ‬ᓑЪ੓ֽ۞ဥវĂ҃ peuple ٕ people ‫఼݋‬૱ߏநྋࠎ൑௡ᖐ۞‫่׶‬ΪགྷϤВТ۞ࢲܸ‫׶‬ᄬ֏ă ٕߏ‫ا‬ҝг҃ඕЪ੓ֽ۞ˠཏČČ࠹ͅгĂᇇᄬ۞ᄬཌྷ‫݋‬Հкߏ૟ ಏ৷۞̼͛ВТវჍࠎ NationĂ҃Ϊѣ઼छВТវ̖Ⴭࠎ VolkĄ ČČ༊ԧࣇ੠໖‫ֱ఺ז‬фෟ۞ᄬ໚ͽ̈́Οˠٙග̟఺ֱфෟ۞ຍཌྷĂ ֤ᆃᇇᄬ۞ᄬ֏ֹϡಶព଀ྵࠎϒቁČČЯࠎ Nation ఺࣎фෟ޽Ш ҕ௚ă޽Ш჌୉ĞRasseğ ĂϺӈˠ჌Ğethnischğ˯۞ᙯܼĂ҃ Volk Ğpopulusğ఺࣎фீĂ࠹ͅг‫޽݋‬Ш߆‫ా۞˯ڼ‬ඕĄķ ᖎ֏̝Ăд Bluntschli ۞វր༊̚Ăϔ୉ߏ˘࣎ૄ‫઼݈ٺ‬छ۞ࢋ৵҃ၹ ј΍ֽ۞ВТវĂ̙֭υ൒ᄃ઼छயϠాඕĄ࠹ྵ‫ٺ‬ϔ୉Ă΁‫݋‬ᄮࠎ Volk ఺࣎фீ̖‫׍‬ѣ߆‫ڼ‬ຍஉ ǕǕ ఺࣎фෟ˘ਠᖙᛌүĶˠϔķĂ୻ϐ‫݋‬кΗ ᖙүĶ઼ϔķĂ˭͛‫݋‬Яࠎྍфд Bluntschli ۞நኢវր̚Тॡ‫׍‬ѣ఺‫׌‬჌ ຍஉĂ߇͹ࢋଳϡĶ઼ϔķ఺˘ᛌෟĂෛଐ‫ڶ‬มֹٕϡĶˠϔķĄ 8

˘ă઼ϔᄃ઼छѣ፟ኢ ٙᏜ઼ϔĂBluntschli ᄮࠎߏĶࠎ˞јࠎ઼छ҃ᓑЪ੓ֽ֭ͷͽ઼छ۞

8

ૺҢߵАϠ‫݋‬Яࠎ‫׎‬ຍஉ۞ᗕࢦّĂЯѩۡତᛌүĶಱઙҹķ Ğ1971Ĉ18-19ă21ğ Ą൒ ‫݋‬ĂBluntschli ҋ̎‫ܮ‬ᄲ࿅ĂVolk ఺࣎фෟ‫׍‬ѣᗕࢦӣཌྷĈĶVolk ఺˘ܑࢗĂٕ۰ߏ޽ ௚‫ڼ‬۰‫׶‬జ௚‫ڼ‬۰ဥඕ҃јಏ˘ˠ֗Ăٕ۰่޽జ௚‫ڼ‬۰۞ะវĂдѩ‫ޢͽ݋‬۰ăྵ ࠎব৫۞ຍཌྷֹֽϡĞ1874Ĉ84ğĄķBluntschli ఺྆ٙ֏Ă่̙ซ˘Վྋᛖ˞ࠎңѣ ॡົͽˠϔٕϔˠăѣॡົͽ઼छֽᖙᛌ Volk ఺࣎ෟຉ ǕǕ ಏಶజ௚‫ڼ‬۰ะវ҃֏Ă Volk ӈˠϔćಶ௚‫ڼ‬۰ᄃజ‫ڼ‬۰ٙၹј۞ˠ֗Ă‫઼ࠎ݋‬ϔĄЯѩĂ͛͟ᖙᛌͽ̈́ୖୁ ෹۞ᖙᛌĂ࠰ͽĶϔˠķ‫׶‬Ķ઼ϔķ‫׌‬۰ֽᖙᛌ఺࣎фෟĂ‫׎‬၁ߏ‫ޝ‬Ъ‫۞آ‬Ą఺˵Т ॡаᑕ˞ૺҢߵᄃ͐೻འኳႷ Volk జᛌࠎ႔ෟॡĂ‫׎‬фཌྷត଀‫ޝ‬ᑩߎሀቘ۞યᗟĄ၆ ѩΞણ֍ૺҢߵĞ1971Ĉ21-25ğă͐೻འĞ1997Ĉ231ğĄ

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 79 ഇƟϔ઼ 108 ѐ 3 ͡

7

͞ё௡ᖐ੓ֽ۞߆‫ڼ‬ˠ֗Ğpolitische PersonğķĞ1862Ĉ154ğĄѩ఍૟઼ϔ ༊үߏˠ֗۞ͧᑢĂ၆‫ٺ‬நྋ Bluntschli ۞ѣ፟ኢё઼छ៍ͽ̈́၆‫઼ٺ‬ϔ۞ ຐညߏໂࠎᙯᔣّ۞Ąֶፂ Böckenförde ۞҂ፂĂ̂࡭д 1830-1870 ѐ఺߱ ॡมĂѣ፟ኢјࠎ˞઼छநኢ‫׶‬ጳ‫࠹ڼ߆ڱ‬ᙯ੅ኢ۞͹ጱّໄ‫ه‬ ĞBöckenförde, 2004: 587ğ Ąд఺߱ॡഇĂ‫ڱ‬ጯ۰૟ҋ൒ࡊጯ༊̚۞ѣ፟វ ໄ‫ه‬ᖼ๹‫ڱז‬ጯ۞੅ኢ༊̚Ă֭ͷ૟઼छᙷͧࠎ˘࣎ፋវˠ֗Ąҭ఺֭‫ܧ‬ ߏԯ઼छಏ৷நྋࠎညϠ‫˘ۏ‬ᇹ۞ҋ൒ౄ‫ۏ‬Ă҃ߏ૟̝༊јߏ˘࣎ჟৠّ ůࣖநّĞgeistig-sittlichğ۞ѣ፟ፋវĂߏϤд‫۞̚׎‬௡јЊ̄ѣຍᙊг ‫ޙ‬ၹ΍ֽ۞ĞBöckenförde, 1992a: 263-64ć2004: 590-92ğ ĄϒтТॡ΃۞ధ к‫ڱ‬ጯ۰˘ᇹĂBluntschli ˵ߏଂѣ፟ኢ۞֎‫ֽޘ‬நྋ઼छ৩ԔĄ൒ώ͛ૄ ‫ٺ‬ቔ಼ѣࢨĂ̙Ξਕ၆ிкֹϡ઼छѣ፟ኢ఺˘ᙷͧ۞‫ޥ‬ຐछซҖᇃ‫ھ‬г ტ̶ࢗ‫ژ‬ĂЯѩ่ಶ Bluntschli ۞நኢซҖॶநĄ 9 Bluntschli ԯ઼छĞ͍‫ߏ׎‬ன΃઼छğෛТࠎଂᛳ‫઼˘ٺ‬छ۞ٙѣˠϔ ĞVolkğٙၹј۞ፋវĄд఺࣎ຍཌྷ˯Ă઼छᄃଂᛳ‫۞઼ྍٺ‬ˠϔፋវ‫׍‬ѣ Тᇹ۞ຍஉ ǕǕ ઼छಶߏଂᛳ‫۞઼ྍٺ‬ˠϔፋវĄ҃ТॡĂBluntschli ˵ᄮ ࠎĂˠϔ఺࣎ໄ‫ߊه‬൒ߏ࣎߆‫ڼ‬ໄ‫ه‬Ă޽ঘ‫ז‬ၹј઼छ۞ፋវĂ֤ᆃ఺˵ ຍᏜ඾ĶˠϔĂтߏநྋĂ‫׎‬хд̙А‫઼ٺ‬छĞ1862Ĉ54ğĄķ10 т‫ڍ‬ˠࣇ ଂ઼छүࠎˠϔะវ۞఺࣎֎‫ֽޘ‬நྋĂಶਕ୻຾гೠ೪‫ࠎז‬ңд 19 ͵ࡔ ϐ۞͟ώͽ઼̈́ۢ̚ᙊЊ̄ົ૟ Bluntschli ຍཌྷ‫ ۞˭غ‬Volk ᖙᛌүĶ઼ϔķ Ă ЯࠎˠϔБវώ֗ಶߏ‫઼׶‬छ̙Ξ̶ᗓ۞ໄ‫ه‬Ą֤ᆃĂBluntschli (1874: 11) 9

10

˘Ҝᆶߤˠ޽΍Ăώ͛ᑕ༊Ϳ௟ॶநˠүࠎѣ፟វᄃ઼छѣ፟វ̝ม۞ᙷͧᙯܼĄ൒ ҃Ă઼छүࠎ˘࣎ѣ፟វ఺ᇹ۞ᙷͧүࠎᇇ઼ 19 ͵ࡔ۞͹ጱّໄ‫ه‬ĂдЧ࣎ଳ‫઼פ‬छ ѣ፟ኢ۞‫ޥ‬ຐछ֤྆۞ຐည‫׶‬ᄲ‫ౌځ‬ѣ̙ٙТĂ֭൑˘࣎˘࡭ّ۞நኢ॰ߛĄ˵ЯѩĂ ώ֭͛൑‫ڱ‬ଂ Hegel ͽࢫĂኜт Friedrich SchmitthennerăJoseph von HeldăHermann von Schulze-GävernitzăHeinrich Albert ZachariäăBluntschliĂ˜Ҍ‫΁׎ٺ‬അ૟઼छநྋࠎ˘ ѣ፟វ۞‫߆ڱ‬ጯ۰ซҖ఼ሹਇॶĂГტࢗ‫׎‬পᕇᄃநኢߛၹĄ߇дѩ่ਕಶ Bluntschli ၆‫઼ٺ‬छѣ፟ኢ۞நྋĂͽ̈́ୖୁ෹ֹٙϡ‫̶ొ۞ז‬ซҖᄲ‫ځ‬Ą ѩγĂдĮࠎѣିዳ۰ٙᆷ۞ᇇ઼઼छጯį˘३̚ĂBluntschli ‫ૻ݋‬አĈĶಶѩ҃֏Ă ˠϔ‫઼׶‬छ‫׎‬ཌྷ࠹Тć‫׌‬۰ౌᇾϯ΍˞х߿඾۞ă௚˘۞ăӈֹ‫̙ࠎܧ‬Ѥҭ˵޺ᜈ˼ Ѻѐ۞ВТវĄΪߏԧࣇдˠϔ఺࣎фீ˯Ăຐ‫۞ז‬͹ࢋߏ˘ཏࠎ˞јࠎ઼छ҃ᓑЪ੓ ֽ۞ˠࣇٙ‫׍‬ѣ۞ВТჟৠᄃᓁវপّĂ҃д઼छ఺࣎фீ˯Ăຐ‫݋۞ז‬͹ࢋߏд઼छ ጳ‫̚ڱ‬ăд઼छ۞ᖻវ̚Ăˠϔ۞γдன෪Ğ1874Ĉ38ğĄķ

8

ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ

ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

Įࠎѣିዳ۰ٙᆷ۞ᇇ઼઼छጯį˘३༊̚дኘኢன΃઼छ۞ߙ࣎ࢦࢋ߱ རĂ˵ಶΞͽઇт˭ᖙᛌĈ Ķ༊݈̏གྷ͛‫ځ‬ฟ̼۞઼छ‫઼ߏܮ‬ϔ઼छĞVolksstatenğ ĂΪࢋଂᛳ‫ٺ‬ ྍ઼۞ˠࣇĞMenschenğะវĂࠎ˞јࠎ˘࣎௚˘۞ፋវ҃ᓑЪ੓ֽĂ ҃఺˘ፋវਕૉҋՙͷਕܑ྿‫׎‬ຍԠ֭;ኜ၁ҖĄѩ઼ϔ۞ፋវჟ ৠ˜үࠎ઼छ༊̚۞ីᅿ҃хдĂ֭ͷд઼छጳ‫ڱ‬ĞStatsverfassungğ ̚‫׎଀פ‬ᖻវĂ‫ࣶء׎‬ă߆‫ع‬፟ᙯăᛉົ‫݋‬үࠎ۳຅Ăͽࠎ˞ฟण ઼ϔፋវ̝Ϡ߿Ą д఺࣎ຍཌྷ˯ԧࣇΞͽᄲĈ՟ѣ൑઼छ۞઼ϔć൑઼ϔ‫݋‬൑ৌϒ۞ ઼छĄķ11 ઼छᔵ൒ߏϤˠϔٙၹјĂҭ Bluntschli ˵ૻአĂ઼छ֭‫ߏܧ‬Ϥࣧ̄ ё۞࣎ˠ౅࿅ۤົ‫ࡗݵ‬ٙၹјĄֶፂ΁۞ᄲ‫ځ‬Ă఺჌៍ᕇ˜ߏ஄஑˞઼ϔ ፋវᄃۤົ۞̙ТĂ҃૟઼छ༊јՏ࣎࣎ˠ۞ΐᓁĞ1874Ĉ12-13ă26ć1875Ĉ 18ğ Ą఺˘‫ࡗݵ‬ኢ۞ඕ‫ڍ‬Ă‫ߏܮ‬૟઼छ۞ૄᖂ‫ޙ‬ၹд࣎ˠ۞Їຍّ̝˯Ă҃ ઼ֹछ۞޺ᜈ̙ᘦ‫ؠ‬ǕǕ рҬ૟઼छ‫ޙ‬ၹдᗫ೸۞Ւ˿̝˯Ğ1874Ĉ26ğĄ ᄃѩ࠹ͅĂBluntschli ᄮࠎ઼छ̙֭ߏ˘࣎൑Ϡ‫ٕ׍̍۞׻‬፟ጡĂΪϡ ͽ႕֖࣎ˠ۞ᅮՐ‫׶‬ϫ۞Ă҃ߏ˘࣎ѣϠ‫׻‬ͷѣ፟۞хд‫ۏ‬Ğ1875Ĉ18ğĄ ι̙ߏညങ‫ٕۏ‬જ‫˘ۏ‬ᇹ۞͇൒ѣ፟វăҋ൒۞ౄ‫ۏ‬Ă҃ߏ˘࣎ሀϼҋ൒ ‫ۏ‬ٙ౹ౄ΍ֽ۞ѣ፟វĂߏϤΒӣᅳጱ۰д̰۞ٙѣˠϔĂд።Ϋ۞൴ण ซ඀̚གྷϤ‫ܜ‬ഇ۞Ϲ‫ـ‬ᙯܼ‫׶‬ˠࣇ۞ҋϤҖજϹ̢үϡ˭ٙ౹ౄ΍ֽ۞ய ‫ۏ‬Ğ1874Ĉ13ğ Ąүࠎѣ፟វĂ઼छТᇹົѣ˘ֱᙷҬ‫ٺ‬ҋ൒ѣ፟វ۞পᇈ Ğ1874Ĉ13ć1875Ĉ19-22ğĈ

11

ҭѩ఍дӍ‫؍‬һ‫ୁୖ̈́ͽڼ‬෹۞ᖙᛌ̚Ă઼ϔ઼छ‫݋‬జᖙᛌࠎĶϔˠ઼छķ Ąྍ͔͛̚ ࢦᕇૻአ఍۞Ӎ‫ۍ؍‬ᖙᛌт˭Ĉ Ķ̫̝͛‫ځ‬ኜ֣Ăӈϔˠ઼छ˵ĄČČϤߏ៍̝Ă઼छ ̝ώវĂΞ˘֏‫ؠ‬ջĂ͠൑ϔˠĂ‫݋‬൑ৌ઼࣎छĞBluntschli, J. C. ඾ĂӍ‫؍‬һ‫ڼ‬ᛌĂ1899Ĉ 6ğĄķ҃πϣ‫ڌ‬ӄ۞͛͟‫ۍ‬ώĂ‫޷݋‬໰фࢬຍ‫ޥ‬ᖙᛌࠎĶˠϔ઼छķĂ߱རт˭ĈĶ͞ ̫ฟ‫ځ‬ኜ઼۰Ăˠϔ઼छ˵ĄČČ̫ፂѩຍĂΞ‫઼ؠ‬छ̝ࢋཌྷĂтߏ͠Ă൑઼ϔĂ‫݋‬ ൑ৌ઼छ˵ĞBluntschli, J. C. ඾Ăπϣ‫ڌ‬ӄᛌĂ1882Ĉ22ğĄķ

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 79 ഇƟϔ઼ 108 ѐ 3 ͡

9

1. ჟৠ‫҇׶‬វ۞ాඕĈBluntschli ᄮࠎˠϔፋវĞӈ઼ϔğ۞ჟৠ‫׶‬ຍ Ԡၹј˞઼ᅿĞStaatsgeistğᄃ઼छຍԠĂ઼҃ጳĞStaatsverfassungğ ‫઼ߏ݋‬छ۞֗វĄ఺‫׌‬۰۞ాඕВТၹј˞઼छĄ 2. ઼छߏѣ፟ፋវĂ‫׎‬Ч࣎ొ̶ĂϺӈЧ઼࣎छ፟ᙯĞЧ‫ء‬ᖚă̳ཌ ‫ܑ΃׶‬፟ᙯğ‫݋‬ၹј‫׎‬۳វĄ఺ֱ۳វѣ‫࣎׎‬Ҿ۞̰дᜭ˧ͽ̈́႕ ֖̳ВϠ߿ٙυࢋ۞পঅΑਕĄ 3. ઼ጳүࠎ઼छ۞֗វĂ‫่̙݋‬ఢ‫ֱ఺˞ؠ‬۳វ۞পঅΑਕĂТॡ૟ ̝‫ם‬አ˘࡭гඕЪ੓ֽјࠎ˘វĂଂֹ҃଀఺˘ѣ፟ፋវ̰ొ఍‫ٺ‬ ‫׶‬Ꮨ۞‫ې‬ၗĄ 4. ಶтТҋ൒۞ѣ፟វ˘ᇹĂЧ઼࣎छ̈́‫׎‬ˠϔౌѣ‫׎‬ҋ֗፾প۞൴ णᄃϠ‫ྫ࢖ܜ‬Ă఺˵ಶߏЧ઼࣎छপঅ̙҃Т۞።ΫĄ ૄ‫۞˯ͽٺ‬Ϥҋ൒ѣ፟វᙷֽͧ҃۞পᇈĂBluntschli ᓁඕᄲ‫ז‬Ă઼छ ߏ˘࣎ͧҋ൒ѣ፟វՀ੼৺۞ࣖநůჟৠّ۞ѣ፟វĄιΞͽజෛࠎߏ‫׍‬ ѣˠॾĞPersönlichkeitğ۞λ̂֗វĂਕૉତќˠϔ۞ଐຏ‫ޥ׶‬ຐĂ҃૟ ̝ͽ‫۞ޠڱ‬ԛёܑࢗ΍ֽ֭ͷͽ‫׍‬វҖજ၁ன̝Ą˵ЯѩĂ઼छд઼छ‫ڱ‬ ͽ઼̈́ᅫ‫׍˯ڱ‬ѣ‫ڱ‬ˠĞRechtspersonğ۞гҜĂਕܑ྿‫׎‬ຍԠă‫֭פۋ‬ჯ ᘭ‫׎‬ᝋӀĞ1874Ĉ13-14ć1875Ĉ22-23ğĄ

˟ă઼छ͹ᝋᄲ ଂѣ፟ኢ۞ទᏭֽ҃ĂBluntschli ‫݋‬೩΍˞Ķ઼छ͹ᝋķ ĞStaatssouveränitätğ ˘ᄲĄ఺ᕇ࠹༊ट‫ٽ‬நྋĈߊ൒ Bluntschli ԯ઼छநྋࠎߏϤ઼ϔٙၹј۞ ѣ፟ፋវĂ֤ᆃ઼छТॡ˵ಶߏ઼ϔᝋ˧۞‫׍‬វणனᄃˠॾ̼Ğ1874Ĉ150ć 1875Ĉ561ğĄ҃఺˵Тॡຍ‫ק‬඾Ăٙѣ۞ᝋ˧ౌߏଂ઼छֽ҃Ă҃‫ߏܧ‬Ϥ ߙ˘প‫࣎ؠ‬ˠٕཏវٙѣĄૄ‫ٺ‬ѩĂ‫݋‬͹ᝋ‫ົ̙ܮ‬ထᕩ‫ٺ‬Ӗ͹ٕ۰Їң˘ ࣎д઼छ̰ొ۞઼छ፟ᙯٕপ‫ؠ‬ཏវĂ҃Ϊົᕩᛳ‫઼ٺ‬छ఺˘࣎ѣ፟ፋ វăΪѣ઼छ఺˘ˠ̖֗ߏ͹ᝋ۞ጾѣ۰Ąಶѩֽ࠻Ăѣ፟ኢёˠ֗ᛊಔ ಶ૟Ӗ͹۞гҜӛৼ‫̚׎ٺ‬ĂϺӈĂӖ͹னд̙Гߏ˘࣎д઼छ̝˯ٕ̝ γ۞͚੨۰Ă҃ߏд઼छ̝̚ăߏ઼ϔ۞˘ొЊĄт Bluntschli дĮᇇຍ Ԡ઼छᙜ‫׏‬į۞˘ีෟ୧༊ٙ̚֏Ĉ ĶдՏ઼࣎छ̚Ă௚‫ڼ‬۰‫׶‬జ‫ڼ‬۰ВТ

10

ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ

ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

௡ј˞ྍ઼۞઼ϔĄӖ͹֭‫ܧ‬д઼ϔ̝γĂ҃ߏүࠎ‫ࢵ̮׎‬ĞHauptğ҃Ҝ ‫׎ا‬౤ᕇĞ1862Ĉ154ğĄķТᇹ۞ᄲ‫ڱ‬ĂϺΞણ֍ྍᙜ‫׏‬Ω˘ෟ୧IJӖ͹ ‫ט‬ijĞMonarchieğĈĶ৷ო۞Ӗ͹‫ט‬υ‫ߏؠ‬ѣࢨ‫۞ט‬Ӗ͹‫ט‬ĂЯࠎιͽ઼ϔ ᄃ઼छ۞ѣ፟វࠎ݈೩Ăιд‫̚׎‬Ϊߏ˘࣎፟ᙯĂጐგߏ౵ѣᝋ˧˵ߏ౵ ੼۞፟ᙯĞBluntschli, 1861: 712ğĄķ ఺྆‫୻ޝ‬຾гΞͽ࠻‫ז‬ĂӖ͹னд่Ϊజෛࠎߏ઼छ఺࣎̂۞ѣ፟ፋ វ༊̚۞˘࣎Ķጡ‫ء‬ķĞOrganğă˘઼࣎छ፟ᙯĞStaatsorganğĂΪߏүࠎ˘ ࣎ొ̶҃ٚྶ඾ᙷҬ‫ٺ‬Ķᐝ្ķăĶ̮ࢵķ۞ΑਕĄ̏ѣጯ۰޽΍Ă఺д 19 ͵ࡔ̚ཧ۞઼छѣ፟ኢ‫ྮޥ‬༊̚Ăߏ‫ܧ‬૱‫ͧᙷ۞ݭ׏‬ĞBöckenförde, 1992a: 265-267ć2004: 598-601ćBoldt, 2004: 143-144ğĄ ᖣ඾ଂѣ፟ኢٙଯႊ΍۞઼छ͹ᝋࣧ‫݋‬ĂBluntschli ‫݋‬٨ᑝο̜‫׶‬ᎊୣ ۞͹ᝋநኢĄ΁ᄮࠎο̜ٙฟण΍ֽ۞͹ᝋநኢĂ૟͹ᝋԆБᕩኜӖ͹֭ ֹӖ͹̙‫ޠڱצ‬ٙࢨ‫ט‬Ă఺˘ᄲ‫׎ڱ‬၁ώኳ˯஄஑˞઼छᄃ઼छ̮ࢵ‫׌‬۰ Ğ1874Ĉ151ğĄBluntschli ᄮࠎĂӖ͹఺˘઼छ፟ᙯүࠎ઼छ͹ᝋ‫׍‬វ۞ፉ ჩ۰Ă఺࣎ᖚચֹ଀઼छ͹ᝋਕૉజ‫׍‬វгӔன΍ֽĄૄ‫΁ٺ‬၆‫઼ٺ‬छٙ ൴೭۞ΑਕĂӖ͹Яѩߏ઼छ̰ొࢦࢋͷ̙Ξ౷ᗓ۞˘ొЊǕǕಶညˠវ ˵̙Ξ৿ͻᐝ្˘ᇹĄಶѩֽ࠻ĂBluntschli ᄮࠎ઼छ͹ᝋ‫׶‬Ӗ͹ٙҖֹ۞ ͹ᝋ̙֭኏ࡎϬ࠼Ğ1874Ĉ158ć1875Ĉ573ğ ĄҭӖ͹ᔵ൒‫׍‬វҖ઼ֹछ͹ ᝋĂ఺˘͹ᝋ̪ߏֽҋ‫઼ٺ‬छ҃‫ܧ‬໚‫ٺ‬ҋ֗ĂЯѩ઼छυ‫ؠ‬дӖ͹͹ᝋ̝ ˯Ă‫ޢ‬۰˵༊‫઼זצ‬छٙࢨĞ1875Ĉ570ğ ĄΩ˘͞ࢬĂBluntschli ‫݋‬૟ᎊୣ ۞͹ᝋᄲෛࠎΩγ˘࣎ໂბĄֶፂ΁۞ྚᛖĂᎊୣ۞‫ࡗݵ‬ኢ‫׎‬၁஄஑˞ۤ ົᄃ઼ϔ‫׌‬۰Ĉۤົ༊̚۞࣎ҾξϔĞBürgerğ౅࿅‫ࡗݵ‬ၹјᓁຍԠĂ֭ ૄ‫ٺ‬ᓁຍԠ௡ј઼छᄃ͹ᝋĄ఺ᇹ۞઼छၹјྮशĂ၁ኳ˯Ϊߏ૟ۤົ̚ ۞ొ̶кᇴᒣ࿹јБវĂ൒‫ޢ‬ГჍ‫׎‬ຍԠߏĶᓁຍԠķ ă֭ኬ̟఺˘ٙᏜ۞ Ķ̳ϔะវķĞ၁่ࠎۤົ̚۞кᇴğ͹ᝋ۰۞ҜཉĞ1874Ĉ25-26ğ ĄТॡ ˫‫ۺ‬ᄮ఺˘Ķ̳ϔะវķਕૉᐌॡăЇຍгតՀ‫ޠڱ‬ăࠤҌᙹᖬߊѣጳ‫ڱ‬Ą ߊߏтѩĂ఺˘͹ᝋ۰ព൒‫׶‬ο̜ٙనຐ۞Ăд‫̝ޠڱ‬γă̙‫ޠڱזצ‬ٙ ࢨ‫۞ט‬͹ᝋ۰ព൒֭൑̙ТĄٙमள۰ĂΪߏͽ඗၆۞ˠϔ͹ᝋĞabsolute Volkssouveränitätğ‫˞΃פ‬඗၆۞Ӗ͹͹ᝋĞ1874Ĉ153-154ğ Ąତ඾ĂBluntschli ֭ซ˘ՎૻአĂࡶߏଂ઼छ˜ߏˠϔĞVolkğ۞ѣ፟ፋវ఺࣎֎‫࠻ֽޘ‬Ă֤

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 79 ഇƟϔ઼ 108 ѐ 3 ͡

11

ᆃ૟઼छ͹ᝋჍࠎĶˠϔ͹ᝋķĞVolkssouveränitätğ˵൑̙ԁĄҭ΁ٙ޽۞ ؕ௣ߏ઼छຍཌྷ˯ăֶፂጳ‫ڱ‬ѣ৩Ԕг௡ᖐ੓ֽ۞Ķ઼ϔķĂ҃‫ߏܧ‬ᎊୣ ͽࢫ۞ϔ͹͹ཌྷ۰ٙᄮ‫۞ؠ‬ĶˠϔķǕǕ ‫ޢ‬۰‫׎‬၁ΪߏϏགྷ௡ᖐ࿅۞̂ிĂ ٕࣧ̄ё࣎ˠ۞࠹ΐĂҭ఺‫׍׶‬ѣ௚˘ّ۞઼ϔॲώߏ‫׌‬ቅְĞ1874Ĉ 156-57ć1875Ĉ565-566ğĄ ಶѩֽ࠻Ăд Bluntschli ۞វր̚Ă̙֭ତ‫צ‬൑ٙࢨ‫۞ט‬඗၆͹ཌྷ͹ᝋ ៍Ąૄ‫ٺ‬ѣ፟ኢ۞‫ྮޥ‬Ă͹ᝋߊ൒ᛳ‫઼ٺ‬छĂ֤ᆃ઼छ̝ຍԠٙၹј۞ጳ ‫ڱ‬ಶߏ౵੼۞ĂЇң۞઼छᝋ˧ౌυืࢋ‫ٺטצ‬ѩĄٙͽ Bluntschli ̖ົ ೩‫ז‬Ĉ Ķд઼छ̝γᄃ઼छ̝˯̙хд͹ᝋĂ̙ᛳ‫ٺ‬Ӗ͹˵̙ᛳ‫ົۤٺ‬Ąٙ ѣ۞͹ᝋౌߏ઼छ‫ڱ‬ጯໄ‫ه‬ĂЯѩυื‫઼זצ‬छ۞хдᄃ઼छ۞ጳ‫ڱ‬ٙ‫ט‬ ࡗĞ1874Ĉ153ğĄķ఺ᕇĂ̙გߏӖ͹ă‫΁׎‬Ķˠϔķ۞΃ܑٕ۰Їң઼ छ፟ᙯౌּ̙γĄ

ˬăӖ͹ᄃᛉົ˟̮֭ϲ۞ϲጳӖ͹‫ט‬ ࣃ଀‫ڦ‬ຍ۞ߏĂBluntschli ۞ѣ፟ኢᔵ൒ԯӖ͹࠻үߏυࢋ۞઼छ፟ᙯĂ ֭ͷග̟˞࠹၆ᑕ۞гҜᄃΑਕ ǕǕ ఺ຍᏜ඾д΁۞ր௚̚ĂӖ͹֭‫ܧ‬ಏ ৷Ϊߏ෍Ҝ̮ࢵ ǕǕ ҭТॡ˵ࢋՐ઼छᑕ༊ࢋ౅࿅ᛉົֽܲᅪ઼ϔણᄃ߆ ‫۞ڼ‬ΞਕّĄ΁дኘኢ઼छ۞ϫᇾॡĂ‫ܮ‬೩઼̈́छ۞͹ࢋЇચ̝˘‫ߏܮ‬ٚ ᄮ֭ܲᅪ߆‫ڼ‬ҋϤĞ1874Ĉ33ğ Ąѩ఍ٙ޽۞߆‫ڼ‬ҋϤĂ֭‫ܧ‬ಏ޽‫ڱޠזצ‬ ٙܲᅪঐໂّ۞۞ҋϤᝋĂ҃ព൒ߏ‫͛ޢ‬ٙ޽Ķజ‫ڼ‬۰ણ드ጱ઼छķ۞ ߆‫ڼ‬ᝋӀĞ1874Ĉ83ğĄ Bluntschli ଳϡ˞‫׌‬჌̙Т۞઼छ‫ݭ‬ၗ̶ᙷቑᘞĈ˘჌ߏ็௚۞઼វ̶ ᙷĂϺӈϤ௚‫ڼ‬۰۞ˠᇴֽડ̶ćΩ˘჌‫ߏ݋‬Ϥણᄃ߆‫۞ڼ‬ҋϤ඀‫ֽޘ‬ซ Җ̶ᙷĂ΁Ⴭ̝ࠎĶ઼ϔ‫ݭ‬ၗķĞVolksformğĄ็௚۞઼វ̶ᙷ͞ࢬĂᄃ‫ޥ‬ ຐΫ˯۞൴ण̂Т̈ளĂӈֶ໰௚‫ڼ‬ˠᇴ̶јӖ͹ăෳ୉‫׶‬ϔ͹‫ט‬Ąྵࠎ পঅ۞ߏĂ΁ᄮࠎд఺ˬ჌઼छ‫ݭ‬ၗ̝γĂᔘѣ˘჌পঅᙷ‫ݭ‬Ăৠᝋ௚‫ڼ‬ ĞTheokratieğĄ 12 ѩ఍ٙኘֶ̈́໰௚‫ڼ‬۰۞઼छ̶ᙷЯ൑ᙯώ͛ԈўĂ߇

12

ৠᝋ௚‫ڼ‬ຍ޽ྍ઼ᄮࠎ่ѣ˯‫ٕޓ‬෹ҋ൒۞ৠី̖ߏৌϒ۞௚‫ڼ‬۰Ă҃͵ܸ۞߆‫่ع‬ ߏ΃Җᝋ˧ĄBluntschli ᄮࠎĂৠᝋ௚‫˘ߏڼ‬჌ࣧؕ۞Ă֭‫ܧ‬ன΃͛‫઼۞ځ‬छ‫ݭ‬ၗĄᓁ

12

ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ

ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

дѩ̙ᑢྎኘĄ၆‫઼ٺ‬ϔ‫ݭ‬ၗ۞̶ᙷ‫ࢋࢦࠎࠤ݋‬ͷࣃ଀Ϳ௟̶‫ژ‬Ă߇˭͛ ૟ԯ൏ᕇ‫ٸ‬д‫ٺ‬ѩĄ ֶፂણᄃ߆‫͞۞ڼ‬ёᄃ඀‫ޘ‬ĂBluntschli ડ̶΍˞α჌઼ϔ‫ݭ‬ၗĂ֭ ͷᖣѩᙋј͛‫઼ځ‬छᑕѣගˠϔણᄃ߆‫۞ڼ‬ᝋӀĄ఺α჌઼ϔ‫ݭ‬ၗ̶ࠎĈ ൑ҋϤ઼छăΗҋϤ઼छăΟ΃ۡତણ߆۞ҋϤ઼छͽ̈́ன΃۞΃ᛉ‫ޘט‬ ҋϤ઼छĞ1874Ĉ84-85ğ ĄٙᏜ൑ҋϤ઼छĂ‫ߏܮ‬Ϊѣ˘ˠ፾ҋ௚‫ڼ‬Ă‫׎‬ ΁઼ϔԆБ̙‫׍‬ѣ߆‫ڼ‬ᝋӀ۞઼ϔ‫ݭ‬ၗĂт૞‫߆ט‬វĞDespotieğ‫ځ͛׶‬ ۞඗၆͹ཌྷ߆វĞcivilisirte AbsolutieğǕǕ ఺‫׌‬۰дୖୁ෹۞३ᆷ̚‫݋‬ᛌ үĶ൑ࢨ૞‫ט‬ķᄃĶѣࢨ૞‫ט‬ķ Ą13 ௐ˟჌‫ߏ݋‬ΗҋϤ઼छĂ‫׎‬ཌྷߏ޽˘઼ छ̝̰Ϊѣ͌ᇴෳ୉ăඈ৺ਕૉણᄃ߆‫ڼ‬Ąௐˬ჌‫ߏ݋‬ҋϤ઼छĂٙѣ઼ ϔౌ‫׍‬ѣ߆‫ڼ‬ᝋӀਕૉણᄃϲ‫ڱ‬ăႾ༛Җ߆ĄҋϤ઼छ˫̶ј‫׌‬჌â჌ ߏΟ΃ˠϔਕૉۡତણᄃ߆‫઼۞ڼ‬छćΩ˘჌‫݋‬ٙѣ઼ϔ౅࿅Ᏼᓝᛉࣶ҃ Җ΃ᛉ߆‫۞ڼ‬ன΃઼छĄ дડ̶˞઼ϔ‫ݭ‬ၗ̝‫ޢ‬ĂBluntschli ‫݋‬ซ˘Վ೩‫ז‬ĂӖ͹‫׍ט‬ѣ؈প۞ ّኳĂਕૉྫྷ఺̙Т۞઼ϔ‫ݭ‬ၗ࠹टĄЯѩĂˠࣇΞͽ࠻‫ז‬።Ϋ༊̚‫ܧ‬ҋϤ ۞Ӗ͹‫ט‬ă˵ѣΗҋϤӖ͹‫ט‬Ăͽ̈́౵ࢦࢋ۞ன΃ϲጳӖ͹‫ט‬Ąன΃ϲጳ Ӗ͹‫۞ט‬পঅ̝఍д‫ٺ‬Ă‫ྻ׎‬үЯࠎυ‫ؠ‬Βӣ΃ᛉ‫ޘט‬Ăឰˠϔਕૉણᄃ߆ ‫ְڼ‬ચĂЯѩϲጳӖ͹‫˵ט‬ΞజჍࠎ΃ᛉӖ͹‫ט‬Ğrepräsentative MonarchieğĄ д఺࣎ຍཌྷ˯ĂϲጳӖ͹‫΃ྫྷט‬ᛉВ‫֭ڼ߆׶‬൑к̂मளĂЯࠎ‫׌‬۰ౌᖣ

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۞ֽᄲĂৠᝋ߆‫ߏڼ‬჌পҾᛳ‫઼۞߷ֲٺ‬छ‫ݭ‬ၗĞ1874Ĉ78-79, 81ğĄ дѩᖎࢋгᄲ‫ځ‬ĂDespotie ‫ ׶‬Absolutie ‫׌‬۰д Bluntschli វր̚۞मளĄ၆ Bluntschli ֽᄲĂDespotie ߏ௚‫ڼ‬۰૟ٙѣ̳Вᝋ˧ќᕩ‫֗̎ٺ‬Ă֭ͷֶጴҋ֗۞हຍĞWillkürğ ֽҖֹ௚‫߆۞ڼ‬វĄDespotie ˫̶ј‫׌‬჌Ĉ˘჌ߏѣυࢋ۞ͷѣৈ۞ĂΪࢋྍ઼઼ϔߏ Б൒జજͷ൑ҋϤ۞ć˘჌‫ߏ่่݋‬Ӗ͹‫۞ט‬ჺ̼ୀᗼ‫ۍ۞ޢ‬ώĄ΁֭೩‫ז‬Ăֲ߷‫׶‬ ĄAbsolutie ‫݋‬к޽ 17 ‫ ۞߷ܧ‬Despotie кΗߏௐ˘჌Ă҃ለ߷Ϊѣௐ˟჌Ğ1875Ĉ718ğ ͵ࡔ‫઼ڱ‬Ӗᝋৠ଱۞඗၆Ӗ͹‫ט‬Ă‫׎‬পᕇт݈͛ٙ޽΍Ă˜ߏᄮࠎ઱ѣӖ͹̖ߏ͹ᝋ ۰Ă҃‫઼ܧ‬छĂϤѩ‫่݋‬ѣӖ͹‫׍‬ѣϲ‫ڱ‬ᝋᄃ‫ڼ߆΁׎‬ᝋӀĂ઼छ༊̚۞‫΁׎‬Ҋϔ‫݋‬ ൑Їң۞ᝋӀĄҭ඗၆Ӗ͹̪಴ࢦ‫טڱ‬Ă҃‫ܧ‬т݈۰˘ਠԆБЇጴҋ֗۞हຍֽ௚‫ڼ‬Ą д Bluntschli ֤྆ĂDespotie ‫ ׶‬Absolutie ߏ‫׌‬჌̙Т۞߆‫ڼ‬វ‫ט‬Ąҭдୖୁ෹͔̬ٙ ۞Į઼छኢį༊̚ĂAbsolutie кజჍࠎ૞‫ט‬Ă҃ Despotie ٕ۰జᖙᛌࠎĶ൑ࢨ૞‫ט‬ķĂ ٕ۰ߏĶᇷӖķ ă ĶӖ͹ᇷࢅ઼̝ķ Ą҃ୖୁ෹д͟‫۞ޢ‬३ᆷ̚ព൒˵՟ѣ‫ځ‬ቁгдໄ‫ه‬ ˯ડ̶఺‫׌‬۰Ă΁ٙኘ̝Ķ૞‫ט‬ķкΗߏ޽Ш AbsolutieĄ

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 79 ഇƟϔ઼ 108 ѐ 3 ͡

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Ϥ΃ᛉ‫҃ޘט‬೩ֻ˞ˠϔ߆‫ڼ‬ҋϤĂ߇࠰Ξᕩৼ‫۞ࢗ˯ז‬ௐα჌઼ϔ‫ݭ‬ၗĂ Ϻӈมତ۞ҋϤ઼छĞ1874Ĉ85-87ğĄಶѩֽ࠻ĂBluntschli ૟ˠϔ۞ણ ߆ᝋӀෛࠎ˘઼ߏӎ‫׍‬ѣҋϤ۞ࢦࢋܑᇈĈт‫ͻ৿ڍ‬ણ߆۞ᝋӀ‫ߏܮ‬ಉε ˞ҋϤĂ҃఺ᇹ۞઼छ˵ಶߏ඗၆͹ཌྷវ‫̈́ͽט‬ᇷӖ߆វ۞઼छĂд‫̚׎‬Ă ઼ϔፋវ۞͹ᝋజᎠဳĂ઼ϔ˵஍ࠎζᔴĄ఺ᙷ৿ͻ߆‫ڼ‬ҋϤ۞઼छĂٕ ۰хд‫ٺ‬።ΫĂٕ۰่ΪዋЪ‫إٺ‬Ϗ͛‫ځ‬ฟ̼۞ֲă‫઼ܧ‬छĞ1874Ĉ718ğĄ ࠹၆‫ٺ‬ѩĂ̏൒͛‫ځ‬ฟ̼۞઼छ‫݋‬ග̟˞઼ϔણᄃ߆‫۞ڼ‬ҋϤǕǕ ֏˭̝ ຍ˵ಶߏĂтࡶ৿ͻ߆‫ڼ‬ҋϤĂ‫إߏܮ‬Ϗ̼͛ฟ̼۞઼छĄ˵Яѩ Bluntschli ົдĮன΃઼छநኢį̚೩‫ז‬ĈĶಶѩ҃֏Ă઼ϔໄ‫ه‬ᄃ઼छ‫׍‬ѣυ൒۞ᙯ ܼĂ҃ˠࣇΞͽᄲĈ՟ѣ൑઼छ۞઼ϔĞKein Volk ohne StaatğĄČČҭԧࣇ ఼૱‫ົ̙݋‬૟ಏ৷ঐໂ۞ă՟ѣ߆‫ڼ‬ᝋӀ҃జ௚‫۞ڼ‬ཏிჍࠎ઼ϔĄಶѩ҃ ֏Ă‫̙݋‬ਕᄲĈ՟ѣ൑઼ϔ۞઼छĞKein Staat ohne VolkğĄ૞‫ט‬Ӗ͹‫ט‬ ĞDespotieğಶ̙ۢѣ઼ϔĂ҃ΪۢѣҊϔĞ1875Ĉ97ğĄķ14 Bluntschli ᖒ˞˘઻ԯϲጳӖ͹‫΃׶ט‬ᛉវ‫ాט‬ඕд˘੓Ă̝ٙͽтѩĂ ˜ߏࠎ˞ቁϲ઼ϔϺѣણᄃ߆‫۞ڼ‬ΞਕّĄࡶͽѣ፟ኢ۞៍ᕇֽ࠻Ă఺˵ ಶຍ‫ק‬඾઼छ఺˘ѣ፟ፋវ۞ຍԠĂυืࢋϤ઼छ̰ొ۞Ч࣎ၹјొЊВ Т‫ם‬አயϠĄЯѩĂజ௚‫۞ڼ‬ˠϔүࠎ઼ϔፋវ۞˘ొЊĂ‫ܮ‬ᖣϤᛉົ҃ ણᄃ˞઼छຍԠ۞‫ޙ‬ၹ࿅඀Ąд఺࣎ຍཌྷ˯Ăᛉົ˵Тᇹజෛࠎߏ઼छ̰ ొ۞Ķጡ‫ء‬ķ Ă҃ᄃӖ͹֭ϲĂтѩ‫ܮ‬ၹј˞Ӗ͹ᄃᛉົ˟̮វր۞ϲጳӖ ͹‫ט‬Ą ҭੵѩ̝γĂព൒ Bluntschli ˵ѣ‫۞΁׎‬જ፟ĂপҾߏ Bluntschli ૻአĂ дன΃͛‫ځ‬ฟ̼۞Ч઼छ̚Ă̏གྷ̙ೇ֍࿅Ν۞჌჌઼छ‫ݭ‬ၗĂ၁‫݋‬Ϊ౺ ˭΃ᛉӖ͹‫΃׶ט‬ᛉВ‫ט׶‬Ğ1874Ĉ87ğ Ąд఺ᇹ۞ኢࢗඉர༊̚â͞ࢬ Bluntschli ૟‫׌‬჌‫࠹ޘט‬೩֭ኢĂ֭ͷᄲ̙გࣹ჌‫׎ޘט‬၁ౌ೩ֻ˞ҋϤᄃ ણ߆ᝋ۞ܲᅪĂೱήྖᄲĂ‫׌‬۰д఺͞ࢬ‫׎‬၁ౌ՟मĄҭΩ˘͞ࢬĂBluntschli ‫˫ݒ‬೩‫ז‬Ăϔ͹В‫׶‬វ‫ט‬ट‫઼଀ֹٽ‬छ۞ᝋ˧࿅ЊహऴĄ࠹̝ͧ˭Ăࡶଳ 14

ࡻᛌώ‫ۡ݋‬ତ೯͔݈ࢗᇇᄬ‫ࡻ׶‬ă‫ڱ‬ᄬ۞ᄬෟमளĂ҃૟‫׌‬఍ૻአфή̶ҾᖙᛌࠎĶno State, no Nationķͽ̈́Ķno Nation, no StateķĞBluntschli, 1885: 126ğĄѩ఍̝ٙͽࢋপ Ҿ೩΍఺߱͛фĂ˜ߏЯࠎд୻ϐۢᙊЊ֤̄྆Ă఺྆ٙᛚࢗ۞៍‫׶ه‬ໄ‫ֹه‬ϡౄј ˞ࢦࢋ۞நኢᇆᜩĂ˭͛૟ซ˘Վ၆ѩซҖ੅ኢĄ

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ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ

ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

ҖϲጳӖ͹‫ט‬Ă‫઼่̙݋‬छ͹ᝋ‫׶‬Ӗ͹ٙҖֹ۞͹ᝋ่̙̙࠹኏ࡎĂ҃ͷ ਕૉ౵рг૟‫׌‬۰ඕЪд˘੓Ăּтࡻ઼۞ᛉົ‫࣎ߏܮט‬рּ̄Ğ1874Ĉ 158ğĄ఺˵ಶдϲጳӖ͹‫΃׶‬ᛉВ‫̝׶‬มĂᔳᔳ൒гග΍˞Ᏼፄ۞ᐹАѨ ԔĂ֭ͷຳϯ˞ϲጳӖ͹‫࣎ߏט‬ՀΐᐹА۞Ᏼี ǕǕ ఺჌ຳϯд 19 ͵ࡔ ۞ਔඛ˭Ă‫׎‬၁૲ѣপ‫ڼ߆۞ؠ‬ຍஉĄ

αă߆‫ڼ‬ຍஉĈүࠎԁ‫͞ڼ߆۞ّם‬९ ଂ 19 ͵ࡔ۞ᇇຍԠгડ߆‫ڼ‬ਔඛֽ࠻Ă઼छѣ፟វநኢߊѣ‫׎‬ซՎ۞ ˘ࢬĂТॡ˵ѣ඾ԁ‫۞ם‬পኳĄҋ‫ޢ̝׻ࢭ઼̂ڱ‬Ăϔ͹В‫ࢲ׶‬ሗ‫ܮ‬यଡ ˞ᇇຍԠгડĂЯѩ༊ॡᇇຍԠЧ઼֣˵Тᇹ఍дϔ͹ࢭ‫۞׻‬ᙝቡĄҭ‫ז‬ ˞ 1815 ѐჯ˵ৼົᛉࢦາቁϲ˞Ӗ͹‫ޢ̝݋ࣧט‬Ăϔ͹۞ᓏ঎‫݋‬జᑅԺ˞ ˭ΝĂ˜Ҍ‫ זٺ‬1848 ѐ 3 ͡ࢭ‫׻‬εୀĂдᇇຍԠЧ֣‫ޙ‬ϲϔ͹វ‫۞ט‬நຐ ‫݋‬ԆБ৔ໝĂӖ͹‫ͽ଀ט‬ᘦ‫޺׽‬ᜈĂЯѩд̝‫۞˳ܜޢ‬ॡม̰ॲώ൑‫ڱ‬Г ѣϔ͹ࢭ‫ݵ۞׻‬፟ᄃΞਕĄጐგд઼វ˯Ӗ͹‫݋ࣧט‬ᘦ‫׽‬гჯ޺˞˭ΝĂ ҭ఺ܑ̙֭ϯጳ߆‫ۋ‬ᛉಶѩπिĄ࠹ͅгĂಛᖒ඾тңࢨ‫ט‬Ӗᝋ۞યᗟ˯ ǕǕ Ҍ͌ࢋਕૉొ̶гࢨ‫ט‬Ӗ͹۞ᝋ˧֭ͷଯซ߆‫ڼ‬ણᄃ۞Ξਕّ‫׶‬ҋϤ ᝋ ǕǕ ̪ᖞ͔൴΍߆‫ڼ‬ᄃྮቢ۞‫ۋ‬ᛉĄ15 дѩࡦഀ˭Ăѣ፟ኢ‫݋‬д 1830-1870 ѐ఺߱ॡม̰јࠎ˞ጳ߆੅ኢ༊̚ࢦࢋ۞͹ጱّໄ‫ه‬ĞBöckenförde, 2004: 587ğĄࣃ଀‫ڦ‬ຍ۞ߏĂ઼छѣ፟ኢநኢ೩ֻ˞˘୧நኢซྮ ǕǕ д඗၆Ӗ ͹‫׶ט‬ˠϔ͹ᝋ̝มଳ‫˞פ‬Զਾ͞९ĄЯѩĂѣ፟ኢώ֗ҋฟؕಶТॡ‫׍‬ ѣซՎᄃԁ‫۞ם‬ᗕࢦّॾĄ АಶซՎ۞˘ࢬֽ࠻Ąֶፂ Böckenförde ۞࠻‫ڱ‬Ăѣ፟ኢ۞ซՎࢬ‫ܮ‬д ‫઼ٺ‬छ͹ᝋࣧ‫݋‬ആ΃˞ˠّ֗۞Ӗ͹͹ᝋĄϤѩĂᔵ൒ܲ঻˞Ӗ͹۞гҜĂ ҭ‫ݒ‬૟Ӗ͹௚‫ڼ‬ᝋගΐͽࢨᒺĞ1992aĈ265-267ć2004Ĉ598-601ğ Ą࿅ΝĂ઼ छ۞ᅳ˿‫׶‬ˠϔౌజෛࠎߏӖ͹ᚶֽٚ҃۞ੑயĞpatrimoniumğĂֶ໰఺ ჌Ķռ‫ّڱ‬ኳ۞઼छ៍ķĂ‫ົܮ‬ଯጱ΍඗၆Ӗ͹‫۞ט‬ඕኢĞStolleis, 1992: 107ğ Ą࠹၆гĂѣ፟ኢ‫݋‬ӎ‫఺˞ؠ‬჌៍ᕇĂ֭ͷ΄Ӗ͹‫઼׶‬छ̙Г఍‫ٺ‬ռ‫ڱ‬

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ᙯ‫ ٺ‬3 ͡ࢭ‫݈׻‬ĂӖ͹‫׶݋ࣧט‬ጳ߆͹ཌྷྻજ̝ม۞۬ཀྵᄃԁ‫ם‬ĂΞણ֍ Stolleis (1992: 102-105)Ą

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 79 ഇƟϔ઼ 108 ѐ 3 ͡

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ᙯܼ༊̚Ą࠹ͅгĂӖ͹జৼˢ˞઼छ྆ᐝĈӖ͹۞гҜ‫׶‬Αਕυื଀Ϥ ઼छጳ‫ڱ‬ٙࠧ‫ؠ‬ăఢቑćӖ͹̙Гߏጳ‫۞ڱ‬͹ˠĂ҃υื଀‫઼זצ‬छጳ‫ڱ‬ ٙఢቑăٙ‫ٲ‬ՁĄ఺дӖ͹‫݋ࣧט‬൑‫ॲڱ‬ώፁજ۞ଐ‫˭̝ڶ‬ĂҌ͌೩ֻ˞ ߙ჌ࢨ‫ט‬Ӗ͹ᝋ˧۞நፂĂϤѩ‫݋‬ਕᕚ௲඗၆Ӗ͹‫֭֕ט‬Ш 19 ͵ࡔᇇຍԠ ሀё۞ϲጳӖ͹‫ט‬Ğ֭‫̏ܧ‬གྷБ൒ϔ͹̼۞ࡻ઼ёϲጳӖ͹‫ט‬ğ Ą16 ᄃ඗၆ Ӗ͹‫࠹ט‬၆ͧĂ‫ܮ‬Ξࡎព΍༊ॡϲጳӖ͹‫۞ט‬ซՎّĄ ҭߏଂΩ˘͞ࢬֽ࠻Ă઼छѣ፟ኢ˵ѣ‫ّࢨ݀׎‬ᄃԁ‫۞ّם‬পᕇĄߊ ൒ѣ፟ኢ౅࿅઼छ͹ᝋֽ‫΃פ‬Ӗ͹͹ᝋĂ֭ͷ૟Ӗ͹༊ј˘઼࣎छ፟ᙯĂ ֤ᆃ఺˘நፂ˵ТᇹΞͽϡͽͅ၆ˠϔ͹ᝋĄ˵ಶߏᄲĂт‫ڍ‬ϔ͹‫޽ߏט‬ үࠎజ௚‫ڼ‬۰۞ˠϔ‫˞΃פ‬Ӗ͹҃ೠ೪͹ᝋĂ֤ᆃѣ፟ኢ˵ͅ၆఺჌͹ᝋ ຐညĂ҃ͷТᇹ١ϋᖣϤࢭ‫҃׻‬யϠ΍Ķˠϔ͹ᝋķ Ą࠹ͅгĂѣ፟ኢ่่ ૟ϔᏴ۞ˠϔ΃ܑĂຍӈᛉົĂ˵ෛࠎߏᄃӖ͹֭ϲ۞઼छ፟ᙯĂ֭Тᇹ ‫׍‬ѣϤጳ‫ڱ‬ٙኬ̟֭ࢨ‫۞ؠ‬ᝋ˧Ă̙҃଀ྭ෸̝Ąࡶ൑‫ڱ‬дӖ͹۞ЪүТ ຍ̝˭ĂᛉົТᇹ˵൑‫ࢬͯڱ‬г࣒Լጳ‫ڱ‬Ąтѩ˘ֽĂˠϔᔵ൒Ξͽ౅࿅ ᛉົણᄃ‫ז‬ϲ‫ڱ‬඀Ԕ༊̚Ăٕߏѣࢨ‫ޘ‬г၆߆‫߉ع‬ҖႾ༛ĂͽᔖҺӖ͹ಏ ͞ࢬг࣒ԼăតՀ‫ࠤٕޠڱ‬ҌߏតՀጳ‫ڱ‬Ăᖣѩ྿‫ט༼ז‬Ӗ͹ᝋ˧۞ϫ۞Ą ҭտ‫׎‬၁Ă઼छ౵८͕۞ᝋ˧̪ೠ೪дӖ͹۞͘˯ĂᛉົΪߏԷႊ඾Ѩࢋ ۞ҜཉĂ‫׎‬Αਕ‫׎‬၁࠹༊ѣࢨĄ఺ᕇ‫׶‬༊ॡ̏གྷϤᛉົ͹ጱ۞ࡻ઼ሀё࠹ ༊̙ТĄಶ఺͞ࢬֽ࠻Ă઼छѣ፟ኢ‫׎‬၁ߏᖣ඾ѣࢨ۞߆‫ڼ‬ણᄃĂ‫ٯ‬ጿ˞ ซ˘Վϔ͹̼۞ΞਕّĄ ༊൒Ă఺֭‫ܧ‬ຍ‫ק‬඾઼छѣ፟ኢ఺ᇹ۞நኢซྮ˜ߏඕၹᗫ೸̙҃ᚑ ૜ĂͽҌ‫·ొ̰ٺ‬႕Ϭ࠼۞நኢĄޫޫ࠹ͅĂధкଳ‫פ‬ѣ፟ኢ۞‫ޥ‬ຐछޫ ޫߏࠎ˞ࢋᖣϤநኢ˯۞Ꭻ૜ͷჟ͕гщଵĂ૟༊ॡ۞ధкϬ࠼၆ϲ۞ࢋ ৵ග̟‫׎‬ዋ༊۞ҜཉĂͽՐ྿Ҍ‫׶‬Ꮨ۞௚˘Ąಶт઼छѣ፟ኢࡎ΍઼छ͹ ᝋĂϫ۞ಶߏࠎ˞ࢋ૟Ӗ͹‫׶‬ˠϔ‫׌‬۰дநኢ˯௚˘‫઼ٺ‬छ̰ొĄ൒҃Ă நኢ˯۞ទᏭᚑ૜ᄃ௚˘Ăྫྷѩநኢдன၁༊ٙ̚யϠ΍ֽ۞߆‫ڼ‬ຍஉ֭ ‫ߏܧ‬Т˘ІְĄಶ‫ڼ߆׎‬ຍஉ҃֏Ă઼छѣ፟ኢ༊൒ѣ‫׎‬дॡ΃ࡦഀ˭ࢨ

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ᙯ‫ٺ‬ĶᇇຍԠϲጳӖ͹‫ט‬ķ۞‫ޘט‬পّ̈́‫ڼ߆۞ޢࡦ׎‬ຍཌྷĂΞણ֍ Böckenförde (1992b)ć ໅‫إ‬ጏĞ2014Ĉ117-121ğĄ

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ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ

ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

‫ט‬Ӗ͹ᝋ˧۞ซՎࢬШĂҭӖ͹‫ࢋט‬৵ͽ̈́ϔ͹‫ࢋט‬৵д઼छѣ፟ኢ̰ొ ۞௚˘Ă၁ᅫ˯ՀΞజநྋࠎߏдӖ͹͹ᝋᄃˠϔ͹ᝋ̝ม଀΍˘୧Ķ̚ มϲಞķ ĂΪߏͽ٩෪۞઼छѣ፟វໄ‫̈́ͽه‬Ϥֽ̝҃۞઼छጳ‫ͽڱ‬ቤ‫ॲ׶‬ ώّ۞߆‫ڼ‬኏ࡎ ǕǕ ༊൒Ă఺྆ٙᏜĶ̚มϲಞķ˜ߏໄரّ۞ᄲ‫ڱ‬Ăֶ ፂ̙Тᆷү۰ҋ֗۞ϲಞ‫ڼ߆׶‬ຍဦĂϺѣΞਕྵઐШҋϤࠁٕՀઐШܲ чϲಞĂ൑‫˘ڱ‬ໄ҃ኢĞBöckenförde, 2004: 595-598ğĄЯߏ̝߇ĂSchmitt ‫ܮ‬ᄮࠎ఺჌ 19 ͵ࡔ۞઼छѣ፟ኢ࣒ᙜ ǕǕ ઼छ఺˘ѣ፟វ̖‫׍‬ѣ͹ᝋ ǕǕ ‫׎‬၁ߏਫ਼ᔖ˞઼छᝋ˧ᑕ༊རдӖ͹ᔘߏˠϔ͘̚఺˘ᙯᔣયᗟĂ̙҃ᙸ ၆ѩጳ߆યᗟઇ΍ৌϒ۞ՙᕝĞ2003Ĉ56ğĄଂ 19 ͵ࡔ˯ΗཧฟؕĂᇇ઼ Ӗ͹វ‫ౌט‬ଳ‫఺פ‬჌Ӗ͹ůᛉົ˟̮֭ϲ۞ĶᇇຍԠϲጳӖ͹‫ט‬ķ Ă઼҃छ ѣ፟ኢ‫˘఺ߏ݋‬វ‫ט‬дநኢ˯۞ͅडĄଂ̫͟۞ෛ֎‫ـ‬аΝ࠻Ă఺˘‫ޘט‬ నࢍͦှຍ‫ק‬඾Ӗ͹ᖣϤጳ‫ڱ‬͹જࢨᒺҋ֗ᝋ˧ĂТॡѣࢨ‫ޘ‬гฟ‫ٸ‬ˠϔ ၆‫ְڼ߆ٺ‬ચ۞ણᄃĂͽᔖҺՀ፬ซ۞ϔ͹ࢭ‫׻‬ᘕ൴Ą ઼छѣ፟ኢ۞఺ֱপّ˵Тᇹणனд Bluntschli ۞நኢ̈́‫઼׎‬ϔໄ‫ه‬༊ ̚Ăٙͽ΁̖ົ˘͞ࢬ‫ۺ‬ᄮ઼छᑕ༊ᆧΐ߆‫ڼ‬ҋϤăග઼̟ϔણᄃ߆‫۞ڼ‬ ΞਕّĂΩ˘͞ࢬ‫ݒ‬Тॡᚑෟ١ϋᎊୣͽࢫ۞፬ซВ‫ࠁ׶‬ć˘͞ࢬӎ‫ؠ‬Ӗ ͹ߏ͹ᝋ۞ጾѣ۰Ăӎ‫ؠ‬Ӗ͹‫׍‬ѣ൑ࢨ۞ᝋ˧ĂΩ˘͞ࢬ‫˫ݒ‬ГˬૻአӖ ͹۞Αਕ‫׶‬гҜĄ఺ֱซՎ‫ܲ׶‬чপّТॡ֭хд Bluntschli ۞઼छѣ፟ኢ ྆ᐝĂ‫׎‬၁ϒͅߍ΍˞઼छѣ፟ኢ˜ߏॡ΃ࡦഀ˭ٙயϠ۞ԁ‫ם‬ய‫ۏ‬Ą

ણă઼ϔໄ‫ه‬Ĉୖୁ෹۞፬ซࢬШ ˘ăୖୁ෹ତᛈ Bluntschli நኢ۞࿅඀ ୻ϐ઼ۢ̚ᙊЊ̄၆ Bluntschli ۞நྋĂ˜ߏ౅࿅঻͟۞ۢᙊЊ̄གྷϤ ዦ᝝͟ώ۞ᛌώมତᚶ‫ֽ҃צ‬ĂЯѩ˘‫ؠ‬඀‫ֱۢ఺˞ࡗט˯ޘ‬ᙊЊ̄۞ዦ ᝝ቑಛ‫׶‬நྋĄѣᝥ‫ٺ‬ѩĂдซ˘Վᄲ‫୻ځ‬ϐۢᙊЊ̄၆‫ ٺ‬Bluntschli ۞ໄ ‫ه‬ᚶ‫݈̝צ‬ĂѣυࢋАᄲ‫ ځ‬Bluntschli ၆‫͟ٺ‬ώ۞ᇆᜩĂͽ̈́͟ώ၆‫׎‬඾ үᖙᛌ۞ଐ‫ڶ‬Ą ፂ҂ᙋĂ͟ώࢦࢋ‫ڱ‬ጯ۰ΐᘼσ̝౵ѝд 1872 ѐ‫ܮ‬૟ Bluntschli நኢ ͔ˢ͟ώ֭඾͘ซҖᖙᛌĂ˵ͽ‫׎‬ᛌώүࠎିՄШ͇࠱ᓾྋҘ߶߆‫ڼ‬ᄃ‫ڱ‬

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 79 ഇƟϔ઼ 108 ѐ 3 ͡

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‫ޠ‬ĞዑМϔĂ2003Ĉ205ğ ĄЯѩĂBluntschli ۞ጯᄲ่̙дநኢࢬ˯எஎᇆ ᜩΐᘼσ̝ҋ֗۞‫ޥ‬҂Ăд၁ચ˯˵၆‫ڼځٺ‬ጳ‫ࢎט۞ڱ‬൴Ϡ˞ᇆᜩĈд ጳ‫ڱ‬੓ਨॡĂϿᘼ౾͛‫˯̡׶‬ላ‫̂ܮ‬ณણ҂˞ Bluntschli ۞඾үĂͷд‫ڼځ‬ ጳ‫̶ొ۞ڱ‬୧͛̚ĂՀΞ‫ځ‬ព࠻‫ ז‬Bluntschli ۞ᇆ̄ĞዑМϔĂ2003Ĉ252ğ Ą ҃дᖙᛌ͞ࢬĂBluntschli ۞඾үѣĮ˘ਠ઼छ‫ڱ‬įᄃĮࠎѣିዳ۰ٙ ᆷ۞ᇇ઼઼छጯį‫׌‬඾үజᛌࠎ͛͟Ĉ 17 ᙯ‫ٺ‬Į˘ਠ઼छ‫ڱ‬į۞ొ̶Ăΐ ᘼσ̝д 1872 ѐ̝‫ ۞ޢ‬9 ѐมĂഅֶፂྍ३۞ௐˬ‫׶‬ௐα‫ۍ‬ᖙᛌ˞΁ᄮࠎ ٙᅮࢋ۞ొ̶Ă֭‫ؠ‬३ЩࠎĮ઼‫ڱ‬ѶኢįĄႬ‫݋ޢ‬Ϥ Bluntschli ۞ጯϠπϣ ‫ڌ‬ӄĂ૟৿႒۞ొ̶‫ ٺ‬1888ă1890 ѐౙᜈᛌԆĂ३Щ̪ࠎĮ઼‫ڱ‬ѶኢįĄ д 1880 ѐĂϮߺΞᅃ૟ྍ३ௐ̣‫ۍ‬ĞӈĮன΃઼छநኢįğௐ˟‫۞ס‬ௐ˟ ३ᛌ΍Ă३ЩࠎĮ઼ົѶኢįĞBluntschli, J. C. ඾ĂϮߺΞᅃᛌĂ1880ğĄ ᙯ‫ٺ‬Įࠎѣିዳ۰ٙᆷ۞ᇇ઼઼छጯį˘३Ă‫݋‬Ϥπϣ‫ڌ‬ӄ‫ ٺ‬1881 ѐă 1882 ѐ 3 ͡ᛌ΍ొ̶Ă३Щ‫ࠎؠ‬Į઼छኢį Ą18 ѩγд 1889 ѐĂϤπϣ‫ڌ‬ ӄᄃπ๯‫ࢡ˟ؠ‬૟ྍ३۞ௐ˘ొЊВ̣३ගЪᛌԆјĂ३Щ̪ࠎĮ઼छኢį ĞBluntschli, J. C. ඾Ăπϣ‫ڌ‬ӄăπ๯‫ࢡ˟ؠ‬ᛌĂ1889ğ Ą౵‫ޢ‬Ăд 1899 ѐ ϤӍ‫؍‬һ‫ڼ‬૟Į઼छኢįԆБͽ႔͛ᛌ΍Ğ҃‫͛͟ͽܧ‬ğ Ă३Щ‫ࠎؠ݋‬Į઼ छጯįĄ ̝ٙͽࢋтѩᓄႲгЕ΍Ч‫ۍ‬ώ۞௟༼Ă˜ߏࠎ˞ࢋᗃ୻ୖୁ෹၆‫ٺ‬ Bluntschli ඾ү۞நྋᄃೠ೪඀‫ޘ‬Ă˜Ҍ‫ୖٺ‬дೠ೪ᄃӀϡ఺ֱໄ‫ه‬ॡ۞ॡ มึԔĄ˘ਠֽᄲĂᔵ൒ѝѐᄮࠎ 1899 ѐΏྶдĮ୻ᛉಡį11 ഇҌ 31 ഇ ˯۞Į઼छኢį ĂߏϤୖୁ෹ٙᖙᛌĄҭ‫ܕ‬ѐֽΫጯࠧ‫݋‬Ա΍ҥᙋĂᄮࠎྍ ͛‫׎‬၁ߏୖୁ෹ଂӍ‫؍‬һ‫۞ڼ‬႔͛ᛌώ࣒ԼăӁ༼҃јĂ֭‫ܧ‬Ϥ΁ҋ̎ซ ҖᖙᛌĄ 19 ጐგྍᛌ֭͛‫ܧ‬΍‫ୁୖٺ‬෹ҋ̎Ăҭ‫ځ‬ពг΁ዦ᝝࿅Įࠎѣି 17

18

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ᙯ‫ٺ‬ѩ఍۞҂ፂĂ̂࡭Ξણ֍ዑМϔĞ2003Ĉ205ă229-231ğ ĄҭዑМϔٙણ҂۞ྤफ़ ព൒ѣֱયᗟĂ͹ࢋд 1880 ѐϮߺΞᅃĮ઼ົѶኢį۞ࣧ͛΍఍ѣᄱĄГ۰Ăπϣ‫ڌ‬ ӄٙᛌ̝Į઼छኢį֭‫ܧ‬΍ҋĮ˘ਠ઼छ‫ڱ‬įĂ҃ߏĮࠎѣିዳ۰ٙᆷ۞ᇇ઼઼छጯį ۞ௐ˘ొЊĂ‫׌‬۰֭‫ܧ‬Т˘඾үĄ ҭඊ۰֭ϏԱ‫ ז‬1881 ѐ‫ۍ‬ώĂࠤҌዑМϔҋ̎˵Ϗਕ֍‫ ז‬1881 ѐ‫ۍ‬ώĄҭॲፂ‫׎‬ᄲ ‫ڱ‬Ăπϣ‫ڌ‬ӄд 1881 ᛌ΍ྍ३ௐ˘‫ס‬Ă֭д 1882 ѐ૟ྍ३ௐ˟‫ס‬ගᛌ΍Ă̶ј˯ă ˭‫׌‬ΊĄ ၆ѩĂΞણ֍͐೻འĞ1997ğ ăবมۡፘ඾ĂૺϜ‫ڒ‬ᛌĞ1997ğ Ą͐೻འࠤҌֹϡ˞Ķ̙

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ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ

ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

ዳ۰ٙᆷ۞ᇇ઼઼छጯį˘३Ą҃ͷĂ΁၆‫ ٺ‬Bluntschli ۞நྋ˵̙Ϊ่ ่ࢨ‫ٺ‬ѩ३Ăᓝּ҃֏Ăд 1901 ѐ΍‫۞ۍ‬IJ઼छ‫ޥ‬ຐតዏளТኢij༊̚Ă ୖୁ෹၆‫ٺ‬Ο΃‫׶‬ன΃઼छม̝मளٙᘲЕ۞ܑॾĂࢵ֍‫ٺ‬Į˘ਠ઼छ‫ڱ‬į ۞ௐ̣‫ۍ‬Ă่̙дྍ३۞݈α‫ۍ‬Ϗഅѣ࿅఺˘ͧྵĂ 20 дĮࠎѣିዳ۰ٙ ᆷ۞ᇇ઼઼छጯį३̚˵൑ĄЯѩĂ̙გୖୁ෹ߏۡତ᝝࿅Į˘ਠ઼छ‫ڱ‬į Ă ٕ۰ߏมତ౅࿅ΐᘼσֽ̝நྋ BluntschliĂ21 ఺ౌᙋ‫˞ځ‬ĂҌ͌д 1901 ѐ ୖୁ෹‫̏ܮ‬གྷ౅࿅͟ώ۞ᛌֽ̬ೠ೪ Bluntschli ౵ࢦࢋ۞઼छጯ඾үĄ

˟ă઼छᄃ઼ϔ ݈͛̏གྷ೩̈́Ăୖୁ෹ᄮᙊ Bluntschli நኢ۞ॡมߏд 1899 ѐĄಶۡ ତ͛ώᙋፂֽ࠻Ăୖୁ෹ߏдྍѐ 4 ͡༼ᏴĮ઼छኢį֭૟̶̝ഇΏྶд ‫͟ٺ‬ώ൴Җ۞Į୻ᛉಡį˯ĂҭдՀѝ̝݈ᑕ༊ಶ̏གྷତᛈ‫ז‬Ӎ‫؍‬һ‫ڼ‬ٙ ᛌ۞႔͛ώĮ઼छጯįĞ֍݈ො 19ğĄ҃ୖୁ෹ฟֹؕϡĶ઼ϔķ˘ෟĂॡ ม˯‫ࡗ݋‬ంᄃѩࢦᝑĄ д༊ॡĂୖୁ෹‫ܐ̏ܮ‬Վ૟઼ϔᄃ઼छ‫׌‬۰࠹ాĂ֭ͷϤѩ҃೩΍઼ छ۞ၹј˜ߏૄ‫ٺ‬ˠϔĄּтд 1899 ѐ‫ܐ‬ٙү۞IJຑ઼ኢij22 ˘͛̚Ă‫ܮ‬ ѣѩኢĈ Ķԧ઼̝ϔĂͽ઼ࠎӖ࠹઼̝Ă‫׎ְ׎‬ᝋă‫׎‬ၷ‫ऺ׎‬Ă࠰ෛࠎ‫ޘ‬γ ְ̝Ą๣‫ײ‬Ċ̙ѣϔĂңѣ઼ć̙ѣ઼ĂңѣϔĄϔᄃ઼â҃˟ă˟҃ ˘۰˵Ą̫ԧϔ̙ͽ઼ࠎ઼̝̎Ăˠˠ̙ҋѣ‫઼׎‬Ă೻઼˸ջĞୖୁ෹Ă 1936bĈ69ğ ĄķĞ௖វࠎඊ۰ٙΐğдѩ߱ར̚Ă̏གྷ࠻଀΍ֽୖୁ෹่̙ ֹϡ˞઼ϔ˘ෟĂ˵ԯ઼छ‫઼׶‬ϔాඕ֭ඈТд˘੓Ą҃‫ޢ‬ᜈ۞߱ར༊̚Ă Հ‫ځ‬Ϩ೩‫ז‬Ĉ Ķ઼۰ңĉ᎕ϔ҃ј˵Ą઼߆۰ңĉϔҋ‫˵ְ׎ڼ‬Ąຑ઼۰ңĉ

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Զ̙љ۞Ԩ᝚ķ఺ᇹ۞фீĄ҃বมۡፘ‫݋‬Հซ˘ՎଂӍ‫̍؍‬ү۞΍‫ۤۍ‬Ğචዐᛌ३ ᐡğ‫ّ׎‬ኳĂͽ̈́Ӎ‫۞ۍ؍‬΍‫͟ۍ‬ഇઇଯᕝĂᄮࠎୖୁ෹ֶٙፂ۞˜ߏӍ‫͘۞ۍ؍‬ቇ ٕԨώĄ Ξણ֍IJ઼छ‫ޥ‬ຐளТኢij Ğୖୁ෹Ă1936ağ ć Įன΃઼छநኢį ĞBluntschli, 1875: 60-68ğ Ą ዑМϔ޽΍Ăୖୁ෹д߹˸‫͟ז‬ώ̙˳‫ޢ‬Ă‫ܮ‬ᄃΐᘼσ̝ᄮᙊĂͷ‫઼׎‬छ៍Ϻ‫ޢזצ‬۰ ۞ᇆᜩĞ2003ğ ĄѩγĂୖୁ෹Ϻഅᖙᛌ࿅ΐᘼσ̝۞͛ౢĞবมۡፘ඾ĂૺϜ‫ڒ‬ᛌĂ 1997Ĉ49ğĄ ྍ̶͛үˬഇΏྶ‫ٺ‬Į୻ᛉಡį˯Ăௐˬቔྶ‫ٺ‬ௐ 22 ཱིĂТॡĮ઼छኢį۞ᖙᛌ̪д ాྶ̚Ą҃൑ኢࣹ˘ቔౌѝ‫ٺ‬ௐ 30 ཱི۞IJኢ‫઼͵ܕ‬ϔᚮ‫̝̂ۋ‬๕઼̝݈̈́̚౉ijĄ

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 79 ഇƟϔ઼ 108 ѐ 3 ͡

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ϔҋຑ‫˵֗׎‬Ą߇ϔᝋᎸ‫઼݋‬ᝋϲĂϔᝋໝ‫઼݋‬ᝋ˸Ğୖୁ෹Ă1936bĈ73ğ Ąķ ఺߱Հΐ‫ځ‬ቁгᄲ‫઼˞ځ‬छ˜ߏϤ઼ϔٙၹјĄТᇹ۞ኢࢗ͞ё֭ͷдТ ѐࡌ͇Į୻ᛉಡį۞Ω˘ቔ͛ౢIJኢ‫઼͵ܕ‬ϔᚮ‫̝̂ۋ‬๕઼̝݈̈́̚౉ij ГѨ΍னĄྍ͛ᔵజᄮࠎߏୖୁ෹Ķϒё೬㋃ĺ઼ϔĻ˘ᄬķ۞͛ౢĞՔ ‫ڗ‬ဋĂ2002Ĉ691ć‫៍ܛ‬ᑾăᆒ‫ܦ‬पĂ2008Ĉ495ğ Ăҭࡶ௟տྍ̰͛टĂΞ ൴னྍ̰͛ट‫׶‬ֹٙϡ̝ໄ‫׎ه‬၁‫۞݈̝׶‬IJຑ઼ኢijѣధкࢦᝑ̝఍Ă ΪߏIJኢ‫઼͵ܕ‬ϔᚮ‫ۋ‬ij˘͛ٙү۞ᛚࢗՀࠎ௟ቜᚑ၁Ąтྍ͛ฟᐝ߱རĈ Ķ઼̚ˠ̙ۢѣ઼ϔ˵Ąᇴ˼ѐ఼ֽҖ̝ᄬĂΪѣͽ઼छ˟ф֭Ⴭ ۰ĂϏჷѣͽ઼ϔ˟ф֭Ⴭ۰ĉ઼छ۰ңĉ઼ϔ۰ңĉ઼छ۰Ăͽ ઼ࠎ˘छռய̝Ⴭ˵ĄΟ۰઼̝੓ࣧυҋछ୉â୉̝‫ܜ‬۰Ăࡶ‫׎‬ ‫݌‬۰Ă௚த‫׎‬୉Ăͽᄃ΁୉࠹֎Ă˳̝̼҃छࠎ઼ć‫׎‬ᝋ൑ࢨĂζ হཏ୉Ăᗛ௓άЮć˘छε๕Ă΁छ΃̝ćͽᇷ‫ٽ‬ᇷĂ൑ѣ̏ॡć ߏ̝Ꮬ઼छĄ઼ϔ۰Ăͽ઼ࠎˠϔ̳ய̝Ⴭ˵Ą઼۰᎕ϔ҃јĂ‫۽‬ ϔ̝γĂ‫݋‬൑ѣ઼Ąͽ˘઼̝ϔă‫઼ְ̝˘ڼ‬ă‫ڱ઼̝˘ؠ‬ăᏖ˘ ઼̝Ӏăग़˘઼̝ଈĂ‫׎‬ϔ̙Ξ଀ܹ҃Ă‫઼̙׎‬Ξ଀҃˸Ăߏ̝Ꮬ ઼ϔĄķ Ğୖୁ෹Ă1936cĈ56ğ ѩ͛ٙ̚ᏜĶ઼छķᑕྍ޽۞ߏӖ͹̈́‫׎‬छ୉Ă҃‫޽ܧ‬Ķ઼ϔķٙၹј۞ன ΃઼छĄͽѩ៍̝Ă‫͛ྍ݋‬၆‫઼ٺ‬ϔໄ‫۞ه‬ຐည‫׶‬IJຑ઼ኢijԆБ˘࡭Ă Հซ˘Վгౘࢗ˞Ķ઼ķඈТ‫઼ٺ‬ϔБវ۞‫ޥ‬ຐĄѩγд˯ࢗ۞͔͛༊̚Ă ˵Тॡ೬ϯ˞‫ี׌‬ᇇ઼઼छѣ፟ኢ༊̚࠹༊८͕۞ኢᕇĈ‫ߏ˘׎‬ԯ઼छଂ Ӗ͹̝ռய۞៍ᕇ̚ගྋ‫ٸ‬΍ֽĂ‫ૻߏ݋˟׎‬አ઼ϔ‫׍‬ѣ߆‫ڼ‬ણᄃ۞ᝋӀĂ ϺӈĶϔᝋķĄ Аኘௐ˘ᕇĈд˯ࢬ‫׌‬ቔ͛ౢ̚Ăୖୁ෹ౌ೩‫઼̚˞ז‬።Ϋ˯ĂٙᏜ ۞Ķ઼छķ఺˘ໄ‫ه‬Ϊߏຍ‫ק‬඾˘छ˘‫۞ؖ‬ռயĂ҃‫ߏܧ‬ன΃۞઼छໄ‫ه‬Ą ੵ˞఺‫׌‬ቔ͛ౢ̝γĂ‫׌‬ѐ‫ޢ‬Ğ1901ğୖୁ෹˵дIJ઼̚᎕ऴ໖໚ኢij˘ ͛̚Ă஠ধг٨ᑝ઼̚Ķ઼̙ۢछᄃഈԗ̝ࠧࢨ˵ķĂ΁೩‫ז‬Ĉ Ķᄏᇴ˼ѐֽĂ̙ჷѣ઼छĂҭჷѣഈԗĄՏ˘ഈ̝ᆿᎸĂ҃˘઼̝ ჍཱིӈᎸ̝ࠎх˸Ă੎̙̂Ξᐦ҃̂Ξೌࡠĉߏ߇Ӎ઼ϔ̝̂ଈĂд ‫઼̙ۢٺ‬छࠎң‫ۏ‬ĂЯͽ઼छᄃഈԗ஄ࠎ˘ኘĂ寖假而以國家為朝

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ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ

ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

廷之所有物焉。此實文明國民之腦中所夢想不到者也。今夫國家者, 全國人之公產也;朝廷者,一姓之私業也。ķ Ğୖୁ෹Ă1936dĈ15-16ğ Ķഈԗķ˘ෟᑕ༊၆ᑕ‫͛˯ז‬ٙ೩‫۞ז‬Ӗ͹‫׎׶‬ೠ೪۞‫ء‬ဈĄ֤ᆃĂѩ͛ ˵ಶܑ‫઼˞ځ‬छ֭‫ܧ‬Ӗ͹‫׎׶‬छ୉ٙጾѣ۞ੑயĂΞͽజЇຍг͚੨ĂЯ ѩ઼छ‫׶‬Ӗ͹̝ม۞ᙯܼಶυืࢋଂ̳‫ֽޘ֎۞ڱ‬நྋăֽ఍நĄ่̙т ѩĂୖୁ෹Հ૟Ӗ͹‫઼׶‬ϔะវ۞ᙯాّගᙹࣆ࿅ֽĄӖ͹̙Гߏ͹ᝋ۞ ጾѣ۰Ă઼ϔБវ˵̙Гߏ৷ოజ௚‫۞ڼ‬ҊϔĂ҃ߏజ༊ј˞͹ᝋ۰Ąӈ ֹୖୁ෹֭՟ѣۡତϡ͹ᝋ఺ᇹ۞фீĂҭߏ΁‫ځޝ‬ϨгᄲĈ Ķ઼छ̝͹ˠ ࠎኡĉӈ˘઼̝ϔߏ˵Ą߇Ҙ઼ޮ֏ĂᏜӖ˵‫˵ء‬Ă઼ϔ̝̳ζဉ˵Ğୖ ୁ෹Ă1936dĈ16ğ Ąķд 1902 ѐĮາϔᄲį۞IJኢ઼छ‫ޥ‬ຐij˘༼̚Ăୖ ୁ෹ͽᙷҬ۞៍ᕇĂҭϡՀϠજ۞ͧಔֽೡᆷ઼छ‫׶‬ഈԗ۞ᙯܼĈт‫઼ڍ‬ छߏ˘̳࣎ΦĂ֤ᆃഈԗ‫ܮ‬Ϊߏ̳Φ۞ְચٙĂೠ೪ഈԗ۞ˠĂ˵̙࿅ߏ ఺˘ְચٙ۞Ᏹְˠࣶ҃̏Ą 23 ࡶͽ̫͇۞߆‫ڼ‬ጯໄ‫࠻ֽه‬Ă‫݋‬͹ᝋ۰‫׶‬ ߆‫̝ع‬ม۞मளĂྫྷୖୁ෹၆‫઼ٺ‬छᄃഈԗăӖ͹۞ೡࢗĂ‫׎‬၁̏གྷ՟ѣ к̂۞मளĄ ‫˟׎‬Ă઼ϔБវ่̙‫˞΃פ‬Ӗ͹јࠎ˞͹ᝋ۰Ă˵జኬ̟˞ણᄃ߆‫ڼ‬ ְચ۞ᝋӀĄՔ‫ڗ‬ဋି଱ჟ໤г޽΍Ăୖୁ෹۞઼ϔໄ‫૲ه‬΍˘௡၆ϲّ ۞ໄ‫ه‬Ĉ઼ϔᄃζᔴĄдୖୁ෹۞វր༊̚Ă઼ϔᑕ༊үࠎ͹ᝋ۰Ăҭд ઼̚‫ܜ‬ഇ۞።Ϋ˯‫ܧݒ‬тѩĂநϤд‫ٺ‬͹ᝋజ૞‫ט‬Ӗ͹ٙᎠဳĂЯѩֹ̖ ଀઼̚ˠ৿ͻĶ઼छķຍᙊ ǕǕ ̙ۢ྽઼छࠎ઼ϔٙၹјĂ˵̙ۢ྽઼छ ᛳ‫ٺ‬Бវ઼ϔ ǕǕ ҃Ϊᄮࠎ઼छ˜ߏӖ͹۞ٙѣ‫ۏ‬Ą༊઼छ͹ᝋజӖ͹Ꭰ ဳĂ઼ϔಶεΝ˞ࣧώྍѣ۞߆‫ڼ‬ᝋӀĂдѩଐ‫˭ڶ‬Ă઼ϔಶјࠎζᔴĈ Ķ߇ Ҙˠͽ઼ࠎӖᄃϔٙВѣ઼̝ĂтͭΈ̄ԙĂ఼˧Ъүͽ‫ڼ‬छְĄѣ˘ϔӈ ѣ˘ຑ઼̝ˠ஘Ą઼̚‫̙݋‬൒Ăѣ઼۰ࡇ˘छ̝ˠĂ‫׎‬ዶ‫࠰݋‬ζᔴ˵Ğୖୁ ෹Ă1936bĈ70ğĄķ఺ᇹ၆‫ٺ‬૞‫ט‬Ӗ͹‫׶‬ζᔴ۞ೡᆷ‫׶‬ኢࢗ͞ёĂព൒‫׶‬ 23

ĶٙᏜ၆‫ٺ‬ഈԗ҃ۢѣ઼छ۰ң˵ĉ઼छт˘̳ΦĂഈԗ‫̳݋‬Φְ̝ચٙć҃೪ഈԗ ̝ᝋ۰Ă‫ְ݋‬ચ̝ٙᓁᏱ˵Ą઼छт˘ՅξĂഈԗ‫݋‬Յξ̝ົᐡć҃೪ഈԗ̝ᝋ۰Ă ‫ົ݋‬ᐡ̝ࣃந˵Ąְ͈ચٙࠎ̳Φ҃ϲͼĉԺ̳Φࠎְચٙ҃ϲͼĉົᐡࠎՅξ҃న ͼĉԺՅξࠎົᐡ҃నͼĉ̙‫ޞ‬Ᏸ҃ۢջĄ‫׌‬۰ّኳ̙ТĂ҃‫̈̂׎‬ᅅࢦĂҋ̙Ξͽ ࠹෸Ğୖୁ෹Ă1936eĈ16-17ğĄķ

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 79 ഇƟϔ઼ 108 ѐ 3 ͡

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Bluntschli ࠤࠎ࠹ҬĄ ༊઼ϔ̙ҋϤă̙‫׍‬ѣ߆‫ڼ‬ᝋӀĂ˵ಶຍ‫ק‬඾Ӗ͹ӌጥ˞઼ϔ۞͹ᝋĂ ֹ଀઼ϔౝˢ˞ζᔴ۞‫ې‬ၗĂ҃఺ᇹ۞ଐ‫ڶ‬Ă‫݋‬ΪѣдĶ૞‫ט‬Ӗ͹‫ט‬ķ̚ ̖ົ΍னĄ૞‫߆ט‬វࠎңĉன̫дጯࠧĂ఼૱ົ૟ despotism ᖙᛌࠎ૞‫ט‬ ĞӖ͹ğ‫ט‬ă҃ԯ absolutism ᛌү඗၆͹ཌྷĂҭдୖୁ෹͔̬ Bluntschli Į઼छኢįॡĂ‫݋‬ԯ‫׌‬۰ౌᖙᛌү૞‫ט‬ĂमҾΪд‫ٺ‬ᝋ˧ֹϡ۞ቑಛ̂̈ ҃̏Ğ֍˯͛ොᛖ 9ğ Ąд΁࠻ֽĂ૞‫ט‬ຍ‫ק‬඾൑ጳ‫ڱ‬Ξࢨ‫ט‬Ӗ͹ᝋ˧۞Ӗ ͹‫ט‬Ăᄃ̝࠹၆‫ߏ݋‬ѣጳ‫ڱ‬ăనᛉົ۞ϲጳӖ͹‫ט‬Ą 24 ߊ൒д૞‫ט‬Ӗ͹‫ט‬ ̝˭Ă઼ϔεΝ˞ҋϤ҃஍རјࠎζᔴĂ֤ᆃࢋԱа઼ϔᑕѣ̝гҜĂ‫݋‬ ం࿅‫ٺ‬൴྿ĶϔᝋķĂϺӈฟᛉົăϲጳ‫ڱ‬Ăͽឰ઼ϔણ߆Ą Ϥ˯ࢗٙ֏ΞۢĂдୖୁ෹ֹٙϡ۞Ķ઼ϔķѩ˘ໄ‫̚ه‬Ăҋؕಶӣ ߁˞͹ᝋᖼொ۞ຐညͽ̈́ฟୁ߆‫ڼ‬ણᄃ۞ΞਕّĄ҃д΁͔̬Ķ઼ϔķ˘ ෟ‫ޢ‬Ă઼छүࠎ઼ϔ۞ะЪវ఺˘ຐည‫ి֝ܮ‬൴णјࠎ˘প‫ؠ‬ኢࢗĂ୎୻ ۞ۢᙊЊ֭̄Ϥѩໂ˧‫פۋ‬ણ߆ᝋĄᓝּ҃֏Ăдୖୁ෹͔̬Į઼छኢį ۞࿣ѐѐ‫غ‬Ăୖୁ෹р̓ĂТᇹ˵ߏჯາࠁˠ‫۞ۏ‬౪‫؜‬රдĮ୻ᛉಡįௐ 67 ཱི˯൴ܑIJኢ઼઼̚ϔ౹Ϡ‫̫͟ٺ‬ij˘͛Ă͛̚‫ܮ‬೩‫ז‬Ĉ Ķ઼छ۰Ăј‫઼ٺ‬ϔ̝̳Т͕ć઼҃छ۰Ăӈࠎ઼ϔ̝̳Тវ˵Ą ߏͽለ࡚߆‫ڼ‬छ̝̳֏Ă൑߆ᝋ̝ˠϔ̙ਕᄃͽ઼ϔ̝ჍĂ҃Ꮬ̝ ć઼҃ϔ̝ଐຏᄃ઼ ͠Ĉ൑઼ϔ۰Ă൑઼छĞNo Nation, No Stateğ छ൑ᙯܼ۰ĂϺ̙ਕᄃͽ઼ϔ̝ჍĂ҃Ꮬ̝͠Ĉ൑઼छ۰Ă൑઼ϔ ĞNo State, No NationğĄ઼ϔ۰Ăᄃ઼छώࠎ˘‫ۏ‬ĂளЩТ၁Ăࢋ ̙ਕᗓࠎ˟˵Ąķ Ğ౪‫؜‬රĂ1986aĈ25ğ

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д 1899 ѐ۞ᛌ͛IJЧ઼ጳ‫ڱ‬ளТኢij̚೩‫ז‬ĈĶ߆វ̝჌ᙷĂ‫ټ‬ˠᔵ̶ࠎк჌Ă൒޷ ̝̫̝͟Ч઼Ă၁̙γӖ͹઼ᄃВ‫̏҃ᙷ̂˟઼̝׶‬Ą‫ٺ̚׎‬Ӗ͹઼̝̰Ă˫̶ࠎ૞ ‫ט‬Ӗ͹ϲጳӖ͹̝˟̈ᙷĄҭಶ‫׎‬Щ҃֏̝Ă‫݋‬В‫઼̙׶‬ᄃϲጳ઼Тᙷćಶ‫׎‬၁҃֏ ̝Ă‫̝̫͟݋‬В‫઼׶‬Ă࠰ѣᛉੰ઼̝˵Ă߇఼Ⴭ̝ࠎϲጳ߆វĂ൑̙Ξ˵Ğୖୁ෹Ă 1936fĈ71ğĄķ1900 ѐ۞IJϲጳ‫ڱ‬ኢijϺઇᙷҬ֏ኢĂҭѩ͛ព൒ֹϡ˞‫؜‬ᇇ೻࿾۞ நኢĂΞણ֍ୖୁ෹Ğ1936gĈ1-3ğĄ

22

ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ

ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

఺྆၆‫઼ٺ‬ϔ۞நྋ‫ୁୖ׶‬෹ٙ֏ᅌ࠹‫ײ‬ᑕăೀ൑˟࡭Ăᑕ˵ߏ໚‫ٺ‬ Bluntschli ۞நྋĄ25 дѩᅮࢋซ˘Վᄲ‫ߏ۞ځ‬Ă఺྆၆‫ٺ‬Ķ઼ϔķ۞ᖙᛌ ᔵߏ໚‫ ۞͛ࡻٺ‬nationĂҭྵኜ݈͛Ğࢱ 6ğ೩࿅۞ᇇ͛̚ Volk ၆ᑕ۞ߏ ࡻă‫ ۞͛ڱ‬nation ˘ෟĂΞۢ྽౪‫؜‬රѩ̪͛ߏ޽ঘ Bluntschli ຍཌྷ˭۞ Ķ઼ϔķĞVolkğ̝ཌྷĄГ۰Ă‫׎‬ֹٙϡĶNo Nation, No StateķٕĶNo State, No NationķඈൺᄬĂ˵ߏ Bluntschli ۞‫ݭ׏‬ఙᄬĂΞ֍‫ٺ‬Įன΃઼छጯᄲį ۞ࡻᛌώ̚ĞBluntschli, 1885: 86-87ğĄЯѩĂᔵ൒൑‫ۢ଀ڱ‬౪‫؜‬රߏӎ ৌѣஎˢዦ᝝ྍ३۞ࡻᛌĂҭҌ͌ໄ‫۞ه‬நྋ‫ֹ׶‬ϡ˯ĂΞଯҤᑕߏϤ Bluntschli ֽ҃Ą 26 дĮ୻ᛉಡįௐ 69 ཱི˯۞IJᄲζᔴij˘͛Ă౪‫؜‬ර˵ Тᇹ೩‫ז‬Яࠎ઼̚።Ϋ༊̚‫ܜ‬ഇّ۞૞‫ט‬Ӗ͹‫ט‬Ăֹ଀઼̚ˠ఍‫ٺ‬ζᔴ‫ې‬ ၗ̚Ăጱ࡭৿ͻ઼ϔّॾĄ˵ЯѩĂ઼̚ˠ̙ۢѣ઼छćЇңˠăΒӣγ ୉ౌΞͽ͚੨ङ‫ࣇ΁ט‬Ąࠎ˞ᕚ௲ζᔴّĂ‫݋‬υืࢋග઼̟ϔҋԧ௚‫۞ڼ‬ ᝋӀᄃΞਕĞ౪‫؜‬රĂ1986bğĄ ੵ˞Į୻ᛉಡį Ăд 1901 ѐ΍‫۞ۍ‬Į઼ϔಡįԔּ̚˵೩̈́Ĉ Ķ઼̝̚ ൑઼ϔ˳ջĄ࿼Є‫˼˟ٺ‬ѐ૞‫߆ט‬វ̝˭Ă௫ࠎไԝă௫ࠎζᔴĂؕ҃‫ٸ‬ ୢ‫׎‬ˠᝋĂᚶ҃ҋԞ‫˿઼׎‬Ă௣˜г౷઼ПĂ҃‫׎‬ϔೀҌ൑ٙ‫ܢ‬ᛳĞ઼̚ ઼ϔᛨ̚δ؎ࣶົᛨΫΫफ़በᚷ؎ࣶົበĂ1968Ĉ1ğĄķΩγĂдௐ˟ഇ ٙྶ۞IJᄲ઼ϔij˘͛Ϻᄮࠎ‫׍ܧ‬ણ߆ᝋ۰Ăӈࠎζᔴ҃‫઼ܧ‬ϔĞ઼઼̚ ϔᛨ̚δ؎ࣶົᛨΫΫफ़በᚷ؎ࣶົበĂ1968Ĉ8-17ğ Ą༊൒Ă఺ֱ̰‫ۋ‬ϔ ᝋ۞ᄲ‫ڱ‬Ăд୻ϐؕ௣ߏᄃ઼छᚮ‫ۋ‬ᄃх˸۞ຐညᓑᘭд˘੓Ăؕ௣ߏ૟ ઼छಱૻ༊ј౵௣۞ϫ۞âт઼ϔኢࢗд౵‫̝ؕܐ‬఍Ă˵ಶߏдୖୁ෹ ֤྆ٙӔன΍۞֤ᇹĄ 27 25 26

27

ૺҢߵАϠϺઇѩኢĞ1971Ĉ51-52Ăො 39ğĄ ѩγĂ઼ϔᄃζᔴ۞၆ϲТᇹ˵Ξд౪‫؜‬ර۞Ωቔ͛ౢIJᄲζᔴij༊̚֍‫ז‬Ă‫៍̚׎‬ ᕇϺ̙௲ୖୁ෹ٙ೬㋃̝ᗟўĈ઼̚৿ͻ઼ϔপّ۞ࣧЯĂ˜ߏЯࠎ።Ϋ༊̚‫ܜ‬ഇّ ۞૞‫ט‬Ӗ͹‫ט‬Ăֹ҃଀઼̚ˠ఍‫ٺ‬ζᔴ‫ې‬ၗ̚ă่ѣζᔴّॾĄ˵ЯѩĂ̙ۢѣ઼छĄ Я҃ЇңˠăΒӣγ୉ౌΞͽ͚੨ङ‫ࣇ΁ט‬Ąࠎ˞ᕚ௲ζᔴّĂ‫݋‬υืࢋග઼̟ϔҋ ԧ௚‫۞ڼ‬ᝋӀᄃΞਕĄ౪‫؜‬රٙ֏ĂΞણ֍౪‫؜‬රĞ1986bğĄ Ք‫ڗ‬ဋି଱ᄮࠎζᔴ఺˘ໄ‫ࣧه‬ώ‫઼̚׶‬д༊ॡ઼ᅫᙯܼٙ̚఍۞ऴ๕࠹ᙯĂЯѩ˵ ‫׶‬Ķ˸઼ķ۞ຐညϹᖐд˘੓Ąҭ൴णҌ‫ֽޢ‬Ăѩ˘ໄ‫ه‬Ķ‫ݒ‬జ୎୻ۢᙊЊ̄ॗϡֽ ၆઼̰̚ొ۞߆‫ڼ‬ၹౄĂซҖͅ࠷ᄃԲҿķ ĂϤѩ҃யϠ΍˞၆‫ٺ‬ζᔴّॾ۞ԲҿĞՔ

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 79 ഇƟϔ઼ 108 ѐ 3 ͡

23

д 1903 ѐୖୁ෹࢒࡚̝݈Ăୖୁ෹۞‫ޥ‬ຐ˘้ۡШ‫ٺ‬ᕖૺϔᝋă‫פۋ‬ ҋϤ۞఺˘ࢬĄҭߏд၁ᅫ۞߆‫ڼ‬វ‫ט‬щଵ˯Ăୖୁ෹‫ߏݒ‬дВ‫׻ࢭ׶‬ᄃ Ӗ͹ϲጳ̝มອᕚ̙‫ؠ‬ĞᦚДपĂ1966Ĉ96-99ćChang, 1971: 220-224ğĄ ࠤҌୖୁ෹ռ˭кѣᄃࢭ‫ࠁ׻‬ᓑᘭĂኛՐࢭ‫̝׻‬ᓝ۞үࠎĞᦚДपĂ1966Ĉ 68-69ğĄώ̙͛୬எˢኘኢୖୁ෹ѩॡ၆‫ٕ׻ࢭٺ‬ϲጳ఺˘߆‫ྮڼ‬ቢ˯۞ ՙ‫ؠ‬տౣࠎңĂ28 ѩ఍Ϊԓ୕޽΍Ă̙ኢ΁ߏઐШВ‫ߏٕ׻ࢭ׶‬Ӗ͹ϲጳĂ ่ಶୖୁ෹д 1903 ѐ̝݈۞३ᆷֽ࠻ĂˠࣇΞͽ୻຾г࠻‫ז‬Ă΁ؕ௣િ޺ ୻ԗᑕӈ‫ג‬តࢭă‫ٸ‬ᝋ‫ٺ‬ϔĄୖୁ෹ࢋՐϲӈតࢭ۞ຐ‫ڱ‬Ă‫ځ‬Ϩг᜙൒‫ٺ‬ ৽˯Ą఺ᄃ΁дѩ‫ͅޢ‬၆តࢭăͅ၆ϔᝋĂࠤҌᖼ҃ԓ୕ᇶҖĶฟ‫ځ‬૞‫ט‬ķ ۞៍ᕇĂၟ൒̙ТĄ̏ѣጯ۰޽΍Ăୖୁ෹఺ॡ۞඾ࢦតࢭăૻአϔᝋ۞ ‫ޥ‬ຐĂ‫זצ‬ᎊୣă‫؜‬ᇇ೻࿾۞ᇆᜩࠤ̂Ğૺ‫ڈ‬๩Ă1982Ĉ100ćᏂ੼‫ޜ‬Ă2006Ĉ 112ğĂҭˠࣇТॡ˵̙ᑕ‫ن‬ரĂᇇ઼઼छѣ፟ኢ༊̚۞઼छ‫ڱ‬ጯໄ‫̈́ه‬ҡ ᐌֽ҃۞ϔᝋ෦ՐĂ఼࿅ୖୁ෹၆‫ ٺ‬Bluntschli ۞ዦ᝝ĂТᇹ˵யϠ˞ࢦ ࢋ۞ᇆᜩĄ

28

‫ڗ‬ဋĂ2002Ĉ694-700ğĄ ҭણ҂ୖୁ෹ 1899-1903 ۞͛ౢĂкѣࢋՐϲጳăฟᛉົ۞ࢋՐĂ‫͌ݒ‬ѣࢋՐࢭ‫ͽ׻‬ តજ઼វ҃јВ‫۞׶‬ĄЯѩĂඊ۰ଳৼᦚДप۞ᄲ‫ڱ‬Ăᄮࠎୖୁ෹၆߆‫ڼ‬វ‫۞ט‬ຐည ̪ͽӖጳࠎᐹАĞᦚДपĂ1966Ĉ103Ăො 29ğ ĄপҾߏдIJຑ઼ኢij˘͛̚ĂՀૻአ ˞Ķϔᝋķ̙֭ඈТĶϔ͹ķ Ăೱ֏̝Ăܲ঻Ӗ͹‫̈́ͽט‬ฟనᛉົֹ҃ˠϔਕૉણᄃˢ ߆‫ڼ‬ՙඉ۞࿅඀Ă఺‫׌‬۰ΞਕΞͽߏ֭Җ̙े۞Ĉ Ķ͈ϔᝋᄃϔ͹˟۰Ă‫੊׎‬෡඗ளĄ ࡻ઼۰Ăϔᝋ൴྿౵ѝĂ҃ϔ߆វ߱౵Ԇ౯۰˵Ăለ࡚ኜ઼࠰र҃ड़̝Ą҃‫࠱̫̃׎‬ щಱ಴ၷࠎ͇˭ௐ˘ѣ჊ˠĂ‫׎‬൳ໂ̣Ȉѐ˵Ăࡻˠৡෲ̝஽Ă̱߷̣߶ă礮ᓏ࠹ჷă ၮᇆ࠹୕Ą͟ώ‫͞ڌ‬ϔᝋ̝Аซ઼˵Ă઼ົฟనͽֽĂዮҋ‫ૄ̝ڼ‬ăᆖ߆ᛨ̝ࢲĂซ ՎԼ։ă៎ྫለ࡚Ą઼҃ϔ‫࠱͇׎ٺ‬Ăᑛ̝т͇ă؇̝тৠĂጳ‫ࠎؠ̚ڱ‬ৠཐ̙ΞϚ ̝୧Ă็‫ٺ‬൑቎Ą൒‫݋‬ᎸϔᝋࠎӖ͹̝ӀͼĉࠎӖ͹̝चͼĉ‫ٽྮͳڱ‬Ăચ֨‫׎‬ϔĂ ҋ಴൑ࢨĂ‫ל‬፬јࢭ‫׻‬ጼॷॡ΃ĄΝచક̝ҜĂЄ‫ގ‬ξ୓Ă‫ڱ‬ϔంᇔĄܻ࠱ֲ።̋‧κ Ο݉Ăિ޺૞‫߆ט‬វĂ̙ధฟనᛉੰĂ‫ל‬Ҍͭ̄࠹ᚶĂౝ‫ࢵ˨ٺ‬Ăٕᇎ᪡ͽҌѪ˸Ą൒ ‫݋‬ᑅ‫ט‬ϔᝋĂ˫ࠎӖ͹̝ӀͼĉࠎӖ͹̝चͼĉČČ̫ଘͽϔᝋ̝߇Ă઼҃ૄ̝ዮ‫׽‬Ă ӖҜ̝಴ၷĂෛ݈ѩΐᇴࢺ஘Ą൒‫઼ܲ݋‬಴࠱̝߆ඉĂ੎ѣާ‫ٺ‬Ꮈϔᝋ۰‫ݙ‬Ċ҃‫ك‬ຌ ҃ҋϡ̝ዅĂ஄ϔᝋᄃϔ͹ࠎ˘౉ĂЯෛ̝ࠎཻ㌯ăࠎ߲ఏĂͽႫೊӖ࠹̝᝘Ăͽோ ͇ኬˠᝋ̝ӀৈĂ҃߈ಉ઼छ̝̮ঈĂֹ̙ΞೇାČČĞୖୁ෹Ă1936bĈ76-77ğĄķ

24

ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ

ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

དྷă઼छ͹ᝋᄲᄃͅϔ͹В‫׶‬Ĉ ୖୁ෹۞ቤซԼࢭࢬШ д 1903 ѐ̝‫ޢ‬Ăୖୁ෹۞֏ኢฟؕᖼШᘦઉĂͅ၆፬ধ۞В‫҃׻ࢭ׶‬ ࢋՐдϲጳӖ͹‫۞˭̝ט‬ቤซតࢭĄѣ኷۞ߏĂୖୁ෹д࿅ΝϤ઼ϔ҃੓ ۞ϔᝋኢࢗĂ‫׎‬໚ᐝΞᏜߏ Bluntschli ۞઼छጯᄲĂ҃ன̫‫ޥ׎‬ຐᖼШ۞ॲ ໚Ă29 ጯࠧϺᄮࠎΞ੠໖‫ ז‬Bluntschli ۞઼छጯᄲĞΩ˘၆ୖୁ෹ѩॡ‫ޥ‬ຐ யϠࢦࢋᇆᜩ۰Ă‫ߏ݋‬ໂࠎܲч۞ͅВ‫ڱ׶‬ጯछ Bornhakğ Ą҃ᇾᄫ఺˘‫ޥ‬ ຐᖼԶ̝ฟბ۰Ă‫ߏܮ‬IJ߆‫ڼ‬ጯ̂छұࣖۢந̝ጯᄲij˘͛Ąྍ͛ࣧΏྶ ‫ ٺ‬1903 ѐ 5 ͡Įາϔᕍಡįௐ 32 ཱིĂ‫ޢ‬ГԼᆷᕖ·֭Ώྶ‫ٺ‬Тѐ 10 ͡۞ ௐ 38 ཱིĄ‫̚׎‬ᗟўд‫ॶٺ‬ந Bluntschli ၆‫ٺ‬ᎊୣ۞Բෞͽ̈́΁၆‫ٺ‬ซ˘Վ ϔ͹តࢭ۞ᅺϋĄ 30 ఺ᇹ࠻Ҭ৷ოଣ੅ጯந۞३ᆷĂࡦ‫ޢ‬༊൒ѣ‫ڼ߆׎‬જ ፟Ĉ༊ॡ઼̚۞ࢭ‫׻‬ᛨˠٙ‫צ‬நኢ۞ᇆᜩĂ͹ࢋֽҋ‫ٺ‬ᎊୣ‫؜׶‬ᇇ೻࿾ĞѦ ἕ໚Ă1985Ĉ134-136ğĄЯѩĂୖୁ෹ᖣ඾઼छѣ፟ኢ၆ᎊୣ۞ԲෞĂม ତгӎ‫׻ࢭؠ‬ᛨ۞߆‫ྮڼ‬ቢĂТॡ˵ᙋјӖ͹ϲጳ۞ΞҖᄃΞ୬Ą Įາϔᕍಡįௐ 32 ཱི۞͛ౢĂୖୁ෹่૟̝ෛࠎ Bluntschli ۞ர็Ă ЯѩΪଂ‫ޥ‬ຐΫ۞֎‫ޘ‬ໄரᄲ‫ځ‬ᎊୣۤົ‫ࡗݵ‬ኢͽ̈́ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲ ۞၆ϲĄ΁೩‫ז‬Ăᎊୣۤົ‫ࡗݵ‬ኢ۞ࢦࢋّĂд‫ٺ‬৔ੵ૞‫ט‬Ӗ͹ኢ۞ၑঽ ͽҩૺϔᝋĂ 31 Яѩᎊୣ˜Ϥநኢ˯۞ଯႊֽ੅ኢ઼छ۞ቡ੓Ĉ‫׍‬ѣҋϤ πඈᝋ˧۞࣎Ҿ̳ϔ౅࿅‫ޙֽࡗݵ‬ϲ઼छĂЯѩ͹ᝋᕩ‫ٺ‬ˠϔٙѣĄҭߏ

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၆఺˘ᖼត۞ր௚ّྋᛖĂ̏ѣధкጯ۰೩΍‫៍׎‬ᕇĄдѩ่ᙯ‫ޥٺڦ‬ຐநኢ۞ᚶ‫צ‬ ᇆᜩĂЯѩ̙ᑢ၆ѩкኘĄ၆ѩĂเҹ‫ିڠ‬଱̏ઇ΍࠹༊ྎ௟۞ፋநĞ1994Ĉ28-32ğĄ ࣃ଀‫ڦ‬ຍ۞ߏĂѣጯ۰‫݋‬ᄮࠎѩॡୖୁ෹ᔵ൒Ᏼፄ˞ Bluntschli ۞ጯᄲĂҭĶ֭‫ܧ‬ԆБ ‫ٸ‬ୢᎊୣ۞‫ޥ‬ຐķ Ă҃ߏ૟‫׌‬۰ซҖඕЪĄҭ఺˘ᄲ‫֭ڱ‬Ϗۡତ੫၆ୖୁ෹˘͛͘ώ̚ ၆‫ٺ‬ᎊୣ۞Բෞઇ΍ྋᛖĂ˵Ϗஎˢᄲ‫׌ځ‬۰тңਕૉඕЪĄ၆ѩᄲΞણ֍ૺ྽ཌྷă ष઼ᇉĞ2007Ĉ98ğĄ ĶȈˣ͵ࡔͽֽĂᎊᛢͩ͹ૺϔࡗ̝ᄲĂͽۤົ̝நᄲ߆‫ڼ‬Ăᓝ͵ࢲᙴĄለ߷Ѻዶѐ ̝ࢲሗĂϺЯ̝҃੓Ą‫׎‬ᄲᒣ‫ږ‬࿅ϒăઐኢۤົĂͽ̝৔̚͵̝᎕ኢĂҩϔᝋ̝ࢲঈ ‫݋‬Ξćͽ̝ࠎ઼छጯҌ˘൑˟̝‫ؠ‬நĂ‫݋‬ѣ̙Һε‫׎‬ৌ۰Ąҋұͩ΍Ă͹ૺ઼छ͹ᝋ ̝ᄲĂ৔ϔࡗ̝ኢĂѺѐֽ౵ѣ˧̝ጯᄲĂ྾ࠎ̝˘តĞୖୁ෹Ă1903Ĉ10ğĄķ

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 79 ഇƟϔ઼ 108 ѐ 3 ͡

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ୖୁ෹‫ࠎͽ݋‬ѩᄲ‫ڱ‬Ķ၁઼̙ۢछ̝።Ϋ۰˵Ą‫ـ‬Οᇴ˼ѐĂ઼छ̝੓ࣧĂ ၁൑ѣ੓‫ࡗ࠹ٺ‬۰Ă̙࿅ᎊ̝ͩநຐ҅Ğ1903Ĉ14ğ Ąķ่̙тѩĂୖୁ෹ Հۡ޽ѩᄲѣᒣ‫ږ‬࿅ϒ̝๻Ĉ ĶᏜ͹ᝋ΍‫ٺ‬ˠϔĂ‫׎‬ᄲϺ̙ࠎ଀༊Ăᄃ͹ᝋ ΍‫ٺ‬Ӗ͹̝ᄲĂТࠎᖱᄱĄᄏᎊ̝ͩຍ൑΁Ă୬ଵ૞‫ט‬Ӗ͹̝͹ᝋĂ҃΃ ͽ૞‫઼ט‬ϔ̝͹ᝋĂտ̝‫׎‬ε˘˵Ąұࣖۢந̝ᄲтѩĞ1903Ĉ14ğ Ąķព ֍଀Ăୖୁ෹‫ܧ‬૱ჟ໤гԹ‫઼˞ז‬छѣ፟ኢ۞८͕Ăӈ઼छ͹ᝋᄲ۞ኢў ǕǕ ͹ᝋ̙ᛳ‫ٺ‬Ӗ͹ăϺ̙ᛳ‫۞̚ົۤٺ‬ˠϔĂ҃ߏᛳ‫ٺ‬үࠎѣ፟ፋវă үࠎ઼छ̝Тཌྷෟ۞઼ϔĄ дௐ 38 ഇ۞͛ౢ྆Ăୖୁ෹‫݋‬Հΐ௟ቜгዛౘฟण Bluntschli ۞ኢᕇ ǕǕ ТᇹߏଂĶ઼ϔķ۞̰உүࠎϲኢ۞੓ᕇĄ΁ࢵА೯͔ Bluntschli ᅺ ϋᎊୣ‫ࡗݵ‬ኢ۞ˬᕇኢፂĂͽᄲ‫ځ‬ଂ‫ࡗݵ‬ኢ൑‫ڱ‬ၹј઼ϔĈ‫˘׎‬ăࡶߏֶ ໰‫ࡗݵ‬ኢ۞៍ᕇĂ࣎ˠΞͽֶጴҋ̎۞ຍԠซ΍઼छĂࡶߏтѩ‫݋‬Ϊਕၹ ј˘࣎߹ᖼ̙‫۞ؠ‬Ķົۤķ ă Ķ̳Φķ Ă32 ҭ඗၆൑‫ڱ‬጖ჸј˘࣎ѣ፟ፋវͷ ᘦ‫઼۞׽‬छĈ Ķ‫ۤົ׎‬Ϻ̙࿅˘ॡ̝ඕะĂតՀ൑૱Ă̙ਕ޺˳Ąͽѩ҃୬ ‫˘ޙ‬ϖ͵๠ᜈ઼̝छĂТ͕Ъᇇ઼̝ϔĂ൑ѣߏ఍Ğୖୁ෹Ă1936hĈ68ğ Ąķ ‫˟׎‬ăٙѣࢎϲ‫۞ࡗݵ‬ˠϔĂౌυื଀ߏπඈ۞Ăࡶ̙тѩĂ‫݋‬Ķ̙଀ࠎ ϔࡗķ˵Ąҭ።Ϋ˯઼छ۞‫ޙ‬ϲυѣᏥ‫͌ٺ‬ᇴ΍ᙷ٥ප۞ˠ‫ۏ‬Ăᎊୣٙ֏ ពᄃ።Ϋְ၁̙௑Ą‫ˬ׎‬ăࢎ‫ࡗݵؠ‬۰υื఼఼˘࡭ăĶБᇴ൪ᏚķĂҭ఺ дன၁༊̚˵Тᇹ̙ΞਕĄ҃ĶᎊͩϺ̝ۢĂ˜͚ᗓ‫׎‬ᄲĂᏜкᇴ̝ຍ֍Ă ӈ̙ಀБវ̝ຍ֍ĄķЯѩĂٙᏜ‫ڇ‬ଂкᇴ఺˘‫݋ޠ‬Ă Ķ፾̙ዋ‫ٺ‬ኜϔࡗ͹ ཌྷ઼̝छĄķ̝ͅĂ‫̙݋‬хд඾ҋϤࢎࡗ۞ଐ‫ڶ‬Ă҃Ϊѣкᇴૻ٪͌ᇴᘪ ࡗ˞Ğୖୁ෹Ă1936hĈ68ğĄϤ఺ˬ۰Ăୖୁ෹ଳ Bluntschli ۞ඕኢĈଳ ‫ࡗݵົۤפ‬ኢ۰Ă‫׎‬၁઼̙ۢϔ‫۞ົۤ׶‬मளĂЯѩ஄஑˞‫׌‬۰ĂҭߏĶ઼ ϔᄃۤົĂ‫˵ۏ˘ܧ‬Ą઼ϔ۰˘‫̙ؠ‬જ̝БវĂۤົ‫݋‬តજ̙‫̝ا‬ะЪវ ҃̏Ą઼ϔࠎ‫˘̝˯ޠڱ‬ˠॾĂۤົ‫݋‬൑ѣ˵Ğୖୁ෹Ă1936hĈ68ğĄķ 32

ୖୁ෹ѩ఍۞ࣧ͛ࠎĶ߇ଂᎊ̝ͩᄲĂ่֖ͽϲ˘ົۤĞӈ઼ٙ̚Ꮬ̳Φ˵Ăᄃۤົ ̙Тğ Ă‫ۤົ׎‬Ϻ̙࿅˘ॡ̝ඕะĂតՀ൑૱Ă̙ਕ޺˳Ğୖୁ෹Ă1936hĈ67-68ğ Ąķ ĞBluntschli, ‫ځ‬ពᄃࣧ͛‫͟׶‬ᛌώѣ΍ˢĊѩ఍ࣧ͛ࠎ GesellschaftĂ͛͟‫݋‬үĶۤົķ 1874: 26ćұ૬ۢந඾ĂӍ‫؍‬һ‫ڼ‬ᛌĂ1899Ĉ15ćୖୁ෹Ă2005Ĉ1220ğĄ၆ѩĂЯ၆ ‫ٺ‬நྋ˯՟ѣ̂ᘣĂ߇̙ᑢ௟տĄ

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ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ

ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

҃‫׌‬۰஄஑۞ඕ‫ڍ‬Ăୖୁ෹ͽࠎĂ‫଀ֹ݋‬ˠˠౌਕЇຍଂ઼छ৩ԔซੜĂ ֤ᆃಶኘ̙˯‫ޠڱ‬ăᝋ˧۞͚੨Ă˵՟ѣٙᏜ̳В۞‫ט‬෗Ă༊൒Հ՟ѣ̦ ᆃ‫ڇ‬ଂкᇴ఺аְ˞Ă఺˵ಶߏጱ࡭‫઼઼ڱ‬छ৩ԔᐛᓄՀજ۞ࣧЯ̝˘Ą Г۰Ăࡶͽۤົ‫ࡗݵ‬ኢࠎૄᖂĂ઼छᝋ˧ώಶྵऴĂֹ࣐ГଳҖВ‫ט׶‬Ă ‫݋‬ᅮࢋՀк୧Іΐͽ੨ЪĂপҾߏˠϔυืࢋ‫׍‬ѣՀ੼۞̳ϔᇇҖͽ̈́࠹ ᑕ۞߆‫ܸࢲڼ‬ĄтѩĂВ‫̖ט׶‬ਕྻҖ։рĂӎ‫ܮ݋‬ट‫ٽ‬஍རјࠎᇷϔ߆ ‫ڼ‬Ğୖୁ෹Ă1936hĈ77ğĄ ᄃ̝࠹ᙯ۞ࣧЯ̝˟Ă‫݋‬ᄃ͹ᝋ۞ᕩᛳ࠹ᙯĄ݈͛̏೩‫ז‬Ăୖୁ෹ჟ ໤гԹ‫ ז‬Bluntschli ၆‫ٺ‬ᎊୣ͹ᝋኢ۞٨ᑝĈᎊୣΪߏͽˠϔ͹ᝋ‫΃פ‬Ӗ ͹͹ᝋĂҭ͹ᝋᑕд઼छ̙҃дˠϔĄѣ኷۞ߏĂBluntschli ٨ᑝˠϔ͹ᝋ ۞நϤ͹ࢋд‫ٺ‬Ăᎊୣග̟˞ˠϔ۞ᓁຍԠд‫ࠤޠڱ‬Ҍߏጳ‫۞˯̝ڱ‬ᝋ ˧ĂЯѩ૱૱ϡ̝ͽតՀጳ‫ڱ‬Ąд఺࣎ຍཌྷ˯ĂBluntschli ͅ၆۞ߏ͹ᝋ۞ ൑ࢨّĄҭୖୁ෹‫݋‬ଂĶͽˠϔ͹ᝋ‫΃פ‬Ӗ͹͹ᝋķ۞఺˘‫׻‬ᗟ༊̚଀΍ Ωγ˘჌ྚᛖĂ΁೩‫ז‬Ĉ Ķ͈Ꮬ͹ᝋ̙д͹‫ڼ‬۰҃д̳ϔБវĂ̳ϔБវ̝ຍ֍Ăߊ௣̙Ξ ᆅă௣̙Ξ覩Ăߏ͹ᝋ௣൑඾˵Ą͹ᝋ൑඾Ă̳҃ϔ̝̚˘ొ̶Ă н͠ĈӍ̝ຍӈБវ̝ຍ˵Ă҃Яͽ൸ង͹ᝋĂѩ̂ࢭ‫̝׻‬჋ٙϤ ੓˵Ą̳ϔ̝ຍᕏĂ၇ዏ҃൑‫ؠ‬Ą寖假而他之一部分,又妄曰:Ӎ ̝ຍӈБវ̝ຍ˵Ă҃ЯͽԽ᝿͹ᝋĂѩ̂ࢭ‫̝׻‬჋ٙϤᚶᜈ˵Ą ұͩٙͽ㏤㏤஘ᄃᎊͩࠎᙱ۰Ă‫׎‬ຍдߏĞୖୁ෹Ă1936hĈ87ğ Ąķ ఺჌઄ࣄĶˠϔ̝Щķ҃൴જࢭ‫׻‬Ăౄјજᒜ̙ͤ۞ଐ‫ڶ‬Ă่̙д‫઼ڱ‬ҋ ̂ࢭ‫ࢫͽ׻‬၇၇൴ϠĂ˵ߏ઼̚д֙ϻ̝‫ؕޢ‬௣൑‫ڱ‬ჯ޺ᘦ‫ؠ‬ጳ߆৩Ԕ۞ ࣧЯĄ ఺˘၆ˠϔ͹ᝋ۞ԲෞĂᄃୖୁ෹д 1905 ѐٙΏྶ۞IJฟ‫ځ‬૞‫ט‬ኢij ˘͛ѣ඾ღ૜۞ా૲ᙯܼĄдྍ͛̚Ă̂ณ೯͔ Bornhak ጯᄲĂᄮࠎࢭ‫׻‬ ৔ᗼ৩Ԕ̝‫ޢ‬ᙱͽࢦ‫ޙ‬Ă౵௣ˠϔ‫ܮ‬ှᙸ‫ٸ‬ୢ߆‫ڼ‬ᝋӀĂጔ୕˘ૻˠͽՐ аೇπᘦĂϤѩ҃ົ΍னϔ͹૞‫߆ט‬វĄѩγĂୖୁ෹˵޽΍Ă༊ॡ۞̚ ઼઼ϔ֭ϏѣҖֹᛉົ߆‫̈́ͽڼ‬В‫߆׶‬វ۞ྤॾ‫׶‬୧ІĞୖୁ෹Ă1936iĈ 50-75ğĄૄ‫ٺ‬ѩĂୖୁ෹౅࿅ᄲ‫̙׻ࢭځ‬Ξਕ଀‫ז‬В‫ֽ૲҃ͅ׶‬૞‫ט‬Ă҃

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 79 ഇƟϔ઼ 108 ѐ 3 ͡

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ͅ၆В‫׶‬ϲጳĄҭӈֹтѩĂ΁˵˘ͅ࿅Ν۞៍ᕇĂۡ֏ᄮ‫ؠ‬Ӗ͹ϲጳ‫إ‬ ̙ਕ߉ҖĄ‫׎‬நϤд‫ٺ‬Ăˠϔ඀‫ޘ‬Ϗ̈́ॾă߉߆፟ᙯϏፋ౯ĂϤѩ‫݋‬ᛉົ Ᏼᓝְ̝‫̙إ‬ਕ၁ҖĂିֈ‫טڱ‬Ϻ̪ϏᆅБĂٙͽ˵՟ѣྤॾ߉ҖӖ͹ϲ ጳĞ1936iĈ77-83ğĄтࡶВ‫׶‬ϲጳͽ̈́Ӗ͹ϲጳౌ̙ਕҖĂ֤ᆃୖୁ෹ᄮ ࠎᑕ༊тңĉ΁ͽࠎĂᑕ༊АҖ‫ܜ‬ഇ۞ฟ‫ځ‬૞‫ͽט‬ฟୁϔംĂඈ‫ޞ‬ˠϔ۞ ̳ϔᇇҖ೩̿ĂۡҌ઼̚ˠϔ͕ந˯ᄃ߆‫ڼ‬ਕ˧˯۞୧І࠰‫׍‬౯‫ޢ‬ĂГซ ‫ז‬Ӗ͹ϲጳĄಶѩ҃֏Ăд 1903 ѐ̝݈ԓ୕ࢋϲӈՀજ߆‫ع‬វ‫ט‬ă‫ٸ‬ᝋ‫ٺ‬ ϔ۞ୖୁ෹̙ೇ଀֍Ą1903 ѐ‫ୁୖ۞ޢ‬෹‫݋‬ព଀ܲчĂࢋՐᇶቤฟ‫ٸ‬ϔ ᝋă֭ͷͽฟ‫ځ‬૞‫͞۞ט‬ё௚‫ڼ‬Ăඈ‫઼ז‬छ‫׶‬ˠϔ۞ྤॾ୧Іౌ‫ז‬ҜĂ̝ ‫ޢ‬ГषဦϲጳĄ˵ЯѩĂ༊ୖୁ෹дIJฟ‫ځ‬૞‫ט‬ኢij˘݈͛֏ᆷ‫ז‬Ĉ Ķώቔ ᔵ͹ૺฟ‫ځ‬૞‫ט‬Ă൒ᄃϲጳ͹ཌྷ̙࠹Ϭ࠼ķ Ğ1936iĈ13ğ Ą΁۞ຍ‫ߏ̙֭ޥ‬ ࢋՐϲӈ֕ШϲጳĂҭ˵̙ߏၔၔ‫غغ‬г١඗ϲጳ˘౉Ă҃ߏࢋԯฟ‫ٸ‬ϔ ᝋ۞ॡ඀಼̂٪‫ޢ‬ĄҭӈֹтѩĂˠࣇ̪Ξ֍‫ୁୖז‬෹၆‫ޞ‬ϔᝋ۞ၗ‫̏ޘ‬ ѣ˞୻຾۞តજĄ΁̙Г൑୧Іг࠹‫ܫ‬ϔᝋ۞υࢋĂ҃ߏᘃႷϔᝋд༊ॡ ۞઼̚ߏӎѣྻү۞ዶгĄ఺˘៍ᕇĂ‫͔݋‬൴˞ࢭ‫׻‬ᛨˠཏ੓Խ̝Ąࢭ‫׻‬ ᛨˠᔵᄮࠎᑕ༊ଳࢭ‫׻‬ଯᖙ୻ഈ߆‫ع‬Ăͽ‫ޙ‬ϲϔ͹ϲጳវ‫ט‬Ăҭ˵Тຍд ࢭ‫ۡޢ׻‬Ҍጳ߆̝݈Ăᑕѣ˘߱࿅ഭॡมĄ 33 ൒҃Ă̙გߏ 1903 ѐ̝݈ྵࠎ፬ซĂࢋՐϲӈග̟ϔᝋ۞ୖୁ෹Ă΁ ֹٙϡ۞ኢࢗᄃ Bluntschli ۞Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ه‬ѣ඾ۡତ۞ᙯᓑĄд 1903 ѐ̝ ‫ޢ‬Ăᖼ҃֕ШܲчĂࠤҌߏࢋՐฟ‫ځ‬૞‫ୁୖ۞ט‬෹Ă˵Тᇹ͔ࢗ˞Ķ઼ϔķ ໄ‫ه‬ĄΪߏдѩॡĂТ˘࣎ໄ‫̙ه‬Гߏϡͽᙋјˠϔᑕ༊д઼छ༊̚‫׍‬ѣ ˘‫۞ؠ‬Αਕ‫ڼ߆׶‬ᝋӀĂ҃ߏజϡֽ٨ᑝᅺϋᎊୣ۞ˠϔ͹ᝋ៍Ąᖣ඾Խ ᑝࢭ‫׻‬ᛨˠٙࣅ΂۞நኢछ̈́‫ޥ׎‬ຐĂᖣѩͽᅺϋВ‫۞׻ࢭ׶‬ኢࢗĄЯѩ д఺˘ॡഇĂࢭ‫׻‬ᛨˠฟؕཏ੓ͅ၆ୖୁ෹۞ܲчྮቢĂ൒‫ࣇ΁݋‬ֹٙϡ ۞ޫޫಶߏୖୁ෹࿅Νଂ Bluntschli ઼छጯ༊ٙ̚ᕜ‫פ‬ăઐࢦ‫ٺ‬ϔᝋ۞Ķ઼ ϔķ34 ந‫ ه‬ǕǕ д΁ࣇ۞֏ኢ༊̚Ă౵ࠎր௚ّгኘኢĶ઼ϔķໄ‫ه‬۰Ă 33

34

၆‫ୁୖٺ‬෹‫׻ࢭ׶‬ᛨˠᗕ͞੫၆߆‫۞׻ࢭڼ‬ኢጼĂ͹ࢋኢᕇΞซ˘Վણ֍ૺ‫ڈ‬๩Ğ1982Ĉ 207-230ğĄ Ѧἕ໚ᄮࠎТ༖ົĂপҾߏ՘ჟ኎Ăֹٙϡ۞઼ϔໄ‫ه‬Ăੵ˞Ķ‫͟זצ‬ˠͽĺ઼ϔ͹ Ķٕధ˵‫ୁୖזצ‬෹ѝഇĺາϔĻᄲ۞ᇆᜩĄķѩγ΁ ཌྷĻֽྋ nationalismķ۞ᇆᜩĂ

28

ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ

ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

‫ߏܮ‬՘ჟ኎Ą д 1905 ѐĮϔಡįௐ˘ཱིĂ՘ჟ኎ᇤᆷ˞IJϔ୉۞઼ϔij˘͛Ăаᑕ ୖୁ෹۞IJ߆‫ڼ‬ጯ̂छұࣖۢந̝ጯᄲijĄдྍ͛༊̚Ă՘ჟ኎ᔵϏᆷ΍ Bluntschli ̝ЩĂҭ‫ځ‬ពгֹϡ˞‫׎‬ໄ‫ه‬Ą΁ࢵАଳϡ˞ Bluntschli ၆‫ٺ‬ϔ ୉ᄃ઼ϔ۞‫ؠ‬ཌྷĂ֭ૻአ‫׌‬۰̝मளĈϔ୉˜ߏଂˠ჌ጯ˯۞୉ᙷ͞ࢬֽ நྋ۞Ă઼ϔ‫ߏ݋‬ଂ߆‫ࢬ͞۞ڼ‬நྋĄ 35 ଂ఺˘मள΍൴Ă՘ჟ኎੅ኢ˞ ༊ϔ୉۞ቑಛᄃ઼छ۞ࠧቢ̙࠹௑ॡĂᑕ༊ࢋтңአ‫׶‬ྋՙĄТॡ΁˵޽ ΍Ă႔႕ࠎ̙Тϔ୉ĂЯѩࡶࢋ቙ౄВ‫׶‬Ă‫̙݋‬ҭдϔ୉˯ࢋଵੵ႕୉Ă ˵ࢋд߆‫˯ڼ‬൴੓ࢭ‫׻‬Ą‫׌‬۰֭ซĂ̖ਕ‫ޙ‬ౄ΍ϔ͹۞ϔ୉઼छĄ д՘ჟ኎ࢵѨֹϡ Bluntschli ۞ໄ‫ه‬࿣ѐĂ΁˫Гᇤ͛٨ᑝୖୁ෹͔ ࢗܲчࠁ‫ڱ‬ጯ۰ Bornhak ۞઼छጯᄲĄ΁ᄮࠎĂBornhak ۞‫ڱ‬ጯᄲᑕᛳ‫ٺ‬ Ķ઼छ‫މ‬វᄲķ఺˘ቑᘞĂϺӈᄮࠎᅳ˿ᄃҊϔࠎ઼छĂ҃Ӗ͹ߏ௚‫۞ڼ‬ ͹វĂ઼छ‫ߏ݋‬జ௚‫މ۞ڼ‬វĄ 36 ઼छ‫މ‬វᄲజ՘ჟ኎ෛࠎߏଂ̚͵ࡔ߹ ็˭ֽ۞Ķᖱ֍ķĂ֭ͅᅺᄲ྽Ĉ Ķ઼ϔ̝Бវ̈́‫׎‬მˠĂ࠰‫ܧ‬௚‫ڼ‬ᝋ̝ϫ۞‫ۏ‬Ąᄏ઼ϔ‫ܧ‬ζᔴĂ˜ ˠॾ۰ĂࠎᝋӀཌྷચ̝͹វĂ‫ڇ׎‬ଂᝋ˜ཌྷચ̝͹វĂ‫ܧ‬௚‫ڼ‬ᝋ̝ ϫ۞‫ۏ‬Ă‫˵ࠤځ‬Ąдϔᝋ઼઼ϔБវࠎ઼छ̝౵੼ᓁឦ፟ᙯĂ‫ܧ׎‬

35

36

֭೩‫ז‬Ĉ ĶҭĺາϔĻ˘ᄲĂலౣ̙ࡶĺϔಡĻۡၟ˞༊೩΍ĺ઼ϔĻໄ‫଀ֽه‬ᜩ‫ܪ‬Ğ1985Ĉ 139ğ Ąķ఺˘៍ᕇĂព൒‫ن‬ர˞ୖୁ෹ֹϡ઼ϔ˘ෟ۞ॡมѝ‫ ٺ‬1902 ѐ۞ĶາϔᄲķĂ Тॡ‫̰׎‬உ˵‫׶‬ѩॡ՘ჟ኎۞ᄲ‫ڱ‬ໂࠎ࠹ҬĄГ۰Ăд՘ჟ኎۞ໄ‫ֹه‬ϡ˯Ă઼ϔ͹ ཌྷ˘ෟ‫׎‬ຍߏឰ઼ϔ‫׍‬ѣ߆‫ڼ‬ᝋӀĂЯѩ΁૟̝ᄃग͛۞ϔᝋ͹ཌྷాඕ‫˘ז‬੓Ă҃‫ܧ‬ ϔ୉͹ཌྷĄ‫׌‬۰ߏ̙Т۞ໄ‫ه‬Ą ՘ჟ኎೩‫ז‬Ĉ Ķ઼ϔ̠۰Ă‫ڱ‬ጯ˯̝ϡᄬ˵Ăҋְ၁ኢͽ֏Ă‫઼݋‬ϔ۰ຯј઼छ̶̝̄ ˵Ąᄏ઼छ۰Ăဥវ˵Ă઼҃ϔࠎ‫׎‬ဥវ̝ಏҜĂ߇઼͠छ̝ຯј̶̄Ąҋ‫ڱ‬நኢ֏Ă ‫઼݋‬ϔ۰ѣ઼‫̝˯ڱ‬ˠॾ۰˵Ąҋ‫׎‬მˠ۞͞ࢬ៍̝Ă‫݋‬፾ϲҋϤĂ൑ٙ‫ڇ‬ଂćҋ‫׎‬ ၆‫઼ٺ‬छ۞͞ࢬ៍̝Ă‫ొ˘ͽ݋‬၆‫ٺ‬БొĂ҃ѣᝋӀཌྷચĂѩ઼ϔ̝ৌᏒ˵Ąѩଘϲ Ąķ ጳ઼઼̝ϔଘ൒Ă૞‫઼׎݋઼ט‬ϔζᔴ҃̏Ăͽ‫׎‬൑઼‫̝˯ڱ‬ˠॾ˵Ğ2015aĈ29ğ ଂ఺྆۞३ᆷĂ̙ᙱ࠻΍‫ؠ׎‬ཌྷ˜ۡତ೯ϡ‫ ٺ‬BluntschliĄ ՘ჟ኎дIJᅺາϔᕍಡ౵‫׻ࢭܧ̝ܕ‬ኢij̚೩‫ז‬Ĉ Ķ઼छ‫މ‬វᄲĂҋለ߷̚͵छ‫઼̝ܜ‬ ‫ޥ‬ຐ҃Ϡ۰˵Ą̚͵ॡ΃Ă‫ޘטޙދ‬஽ҖĂͽᅳ˿̈́ҊϔࠎӖ͹̝ٙѣ‫ۏ‬Ă఍̶ă٦ ୢăᙑᄃĂᚶ็âଘ‫׎‬ຍĄ‫͵ܕͼڿ‬Ăѩ჌៍‫̏˳ه‬តዏĂ҃˘˟ጯ۰൘୬ჯ޺̝Ă ‫ك‬ᑻͩ [ ӈ͐ЂӀֲ‫ڱ‬ጯ۰ Max von Seydel ]ă‫ͩگ‬ӈ‫׎‬ˠ˵Ğ2015bĈ148ğĄķ

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 79 ഇƟϔ઼ 108 ѐ 3 ͡

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௚‫ڼ‬ᝋ̝‫މ‬វĂ‫֏ޞ̙׽‬ĄӈдӖᝋ઼Ă҃ߊᄮ઼ϔࠎ઼छ̝ၹј ̶̄Ă‫ࠎ׽݋‬ˠॾ۰Ă‫ܧ‬т‫̝ۏ‬ٙѣᝋ̝ϫ۞‫ۏ‬ĂϺ̙‫˵֏ޞ‬Ąķ Ğ՘ჟ኎Ă2015bĈ149ğ ᕇ΍ Bornhak ᑕᛳ‫઼ٺ‬छ‫މ‬វᄲ̝‫ޢ‬Ă՘ჟ኎‫݋‬ᕇЩԲෞୖୁ෹̂ณ͔ϡ Bornhak ۞நኢͽͅ၆В‫׻ࢭ׶‬Ă၁‫ن݋‬ர˞ Bornhak ۞நኢૄώϲಞ‫׶‬ ୖ˘రଳ‫઼۞ܫ‬छ͹ᝋநኢͽ઼̈́छ‫ڱ‬ˠᄲ‫ك‬ѩ̢ϋĂҋ࠹Ϭ࠼Ą၆ѩ࠹ ၆Ă՘‫݋‬ᄮ‫઼ؠ‬ϔ̖ߏၹј઼छ̝͹វĂ҃ᄮ‫ؠ‬Ӗ͹ߏ˵่ߏĶ઼छ̝ᓁ ĄГซ˘ՎĂ΁ГѨࢦϦ઼̚ϫ݈˜ߏϤள ឦ፟ᙯķ Ğ՘ჟ኎ 2015bĈ150ğ ୉ٙೠ೪۞૞‫߆ט‬វĂЯѩࢋࢭੵ૞‫ט‬Ă‫̙֭଀̙݋‬Җ჌୉ࢭ‫ࢭڼ߆׶׻‬ ‫׻‬ć઱ѣтѩĂ̖ѣΞਕ྿࡭Ķ઼ϔ͹ཌྷķ ĂϺӈϤ઼ϔ‫΃פ‬Ӗ͹јࠎ௚‫ڼ‬ ͹វĂซ҃ࢎϲጳ‫ڱ‬Ą 37 ϤѩĂ՘ჟ኎ͅ၆ୖୁ෹۞ฟ‫ځ‬૞‫ט‬ĂࠤҌ˵ͅ ၆Ӗ͹ϲጳ۞߆‫ڼ‬ϫᇾĂ҃ૻধࢋՐͽϔ͹ϲጳĄ ଂ՘ჟ኎၆‫ୁୖٺ‬෹۞аᑕֽ࠻Ăព֍଀՘ٙ೩۰‫ୁୖ׶‬෹д 1903 ѐ ͽ݈ٙ޺۞઼ϔໄ‫࠹ه‬༊࿩ТĄमள่д‫ٺ‬Ă՘ᔵֹϡĶ઼ϔķໄ‫ه‬Ăҭ Я΁ଳࢭ‫ྮ׻‬ቢĂЯѩԆБ̙ତ‫צ‬Ӗ͹Ξͽүࠎ઼छ፟ᙯ҃ᚶᜈхдĄ఺ ᕇᔵᄃ઼छѣ፟ኢ۞ኢࢗ͞ШѣளĂҭಏಶĶ઼ϔķ఺˘ໄ‫֏҃ه‬Ă‫׌‬۰ ೀͼ൑˟࡭Ą

Ёă̈ඕĈ઼ϔໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬ ಶͽ˯ॶநୖୁ෹۞݈‫֏ޢ‬ኢĂΞ൴னĂ΁ 1903 ѐ݈‫ڼ߆۞ޢ‬ϲಞᔵ ѣᖼតĂҭ Bluntschli ۞઼ϔໄ‫ؕه‬௣ߏ΁ࢦࢋ۞நኢ̍‫׍‬ĄΪߏ΁д̙ Т۞߆‫ڼ‬ϲಞ˭Ăૄ‫׎ٺ‬ϲಞٙᅮࢋĂֹ҃ϡ֭ͷૻአ઼ϔໄ‫ه‬༊̚۞প ‫ࢬؠ‬ШĄтТฟᐝ఍ٙ೩̈́Ăώ͛۞ࢦ͕̙֭дஎտୖୁ෹၆‫ ٺ‬Bluntschli ۞நྋߏӎĶϒቁķĂ˫ٕ۰ኢᙋ 1903 ѐ̝݈ٕ̝‫ޥ۞ޢ‬ຐң۰̖ߏୖୁ

37

՘ჟ኎೩̈́Ĉ Ķ̫̝߆‫ع‬Ăள୉૞‫˵ع߆ט‬Ăᜭੵள୉Ă‫̙݋‬Ξ̙ࠎ჌୉ࢭ‫׻‬ćᙹᖬ૞ ‫ט‬Ă‫̙݋‬Ξ̙ࠎ߆‫׻ࢭڼ‬ČČ߇჌୉ࢭ‫׻‬ᄃ߆‫׻ࢭڼ‬੎ଘ֭Җ̙ेĂ၁‫׻ࠎֶ࠹݋‬۰ Ąķ ˵ĄώಡТॡ೩࣍ϔ୉͹ཌྷĂ઼ϔ͹ཌྷ۰ͽѩĂ҃ٙ൴೭ᄲ‫ځ‬۰ϺдѩĞ2015bĈ155ğ ϤѩΞ֍ϔ୉͹ཌྷ‫઼׶‬ϔ͹ཌྷ˜ߏ̙Т۞ໄ‫ه‬Ą

30

ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ

ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

෹۞ৌຍĂ˵̙ߏࢋ੠યౄјୖୁ෹߆‫ڼ‬ϲಞតՀ۞ࣧЯࠎңĄᄃ˯ࢗٙ ֏̙ТĂώ͛ٙࢋઇ۞Ă่ߏдᙯ‫ୁୖڦ‬෹ҋ̎д̙ТॡഇߏтңֹϡТ ˘‫ޥ‬ຐछநኢ۞̙Т઎ࢬĂᖣѩநኢ̍‫ͽ׍‬ᛚ‫֭ځ‬ᙋјҋ֗߆‫ڼ‬ϲಞ ǕǕ ૄ‫ٺ‬ѩĂୖ၆‫ ٺ‬Bluntschli நኢ۞ֹϡĂ‫݋‬జෛࠎ‫ڼ߆׎‬Җજ۞˘ొЊĄ ЯѩĂ၆‫ ٺ‬Bluntschli ۞நኢֹϡߏӎĶЪநķĂٕ۰ᄲĂߏӎ௑Ъ‫׎ٺ‬༊ ॡٙ‫ڼ߆۞޺ٱ‬ϲಞĂ఺̖ߏώ͛۞੅ኢ΍൴ᕇĄ ಶѩֽ࠻Ăព֍଀ୖୁ෹၆‫ ٺ‬Bluntschli ۞ֹϡ࠹༊ЪநĈд 1903 ѐ ̝݈Ăୖୁ෹ࠎ˞‫ٯ‬ԩ඗၆Ӗ͹‫ࢋ֭ט‬Րˠϔѣણᄃ߆‫۞ڼ‬ᝋӀĂ‫ߏٺ‬඾ ࢦдૻአ઼ϔ఺˘ፋវ̖‫׍‬ѣ͹ᝋĄ࠹၆ᑕ۞ĂӖ͹‫݋‬ଂ͹ᝋ۰۞гҜజ ᖼೱ‫઼ז‬छ፟ᙯ۞гҜĂЯѩᅮࢋ‫઼זצ‬छ‫ޠڱ‬ٙ‫ࡗט‬ĂТॡ˵ᑕ༊ฟన ᛉົ҃ឰˠϔѣ߆‫ڼ‬ᝋӀĄΩ˘͞ࢬĂд 1903 ѐͽ‫ޢ‬ĂЯࠎ‫ٸ‬ୢ˞ࢭ‫ྮ׻‬ ቢͽ̈́ଳҖ႙ซតࢭĂୖୁ෹‫݋‬૟ෛ֎‫઼˞זٸ‬ϔໄ‫ه‬ᄃ઼छ͹ᝋᄲ྆ᐝ ͅ၆ࢭ‫׻‬ᄃ፬ซϔ͹̼۞఺˘ࢬШĄ޷ѩĂˠϔ่่జ༊ј˞ۤົᅳા༊ ̚۞࣎ˠΐᓁĂ҃‫ߏܧ‬͹ᝋ۞ጾѣ۰ć͹ᝋ۞ጾѣ۰ϖᅈౌߏ઼छĂЯѩ ̙გߏ࣎ˠٕߏٙᏴ΍۞ᛉົ፟ᙯౌᅮࢋ‫઼זצ‬छ‫טࢨ۞טڱ‬Ă̙҃ਕ˵ ̙ᑕ༊ͯࢬгЇຍՀજ઼छ‫ޘڱ‬ĂՀ࿇ኢͽࢭ‫͞׻‬ёᙹᖬ̝Ą ୖୁ෹۞඾ࢦᕇ̙ТĂ‫׽‬൒ѣ΁࣎ˠ۞߆‫ڼ‬ϲಞᖼត఺˘Я৵Ăҭ˵ ̙ᑕ‫ن‬ரᇇ઼઼छѣ፟ኢώ֗۞நኢপّٙΞਕயϠ۞ᇆᜩĄ19 ͵ࡔ‫޺ٱ‬ ઼छѣ፟ኢ۞ጯ۰౅࿅૟઼छᙷͧࠎ˘λ̂۞ѣ፟វĂ֭ԯ̙Т઼छ፟ᙯ ༊јၹјѣ፟វ۞ࢦࢋ۳វٕጡ‫ء‬ĂᖣѩĂྏဦ૟Ӗ͹͹ᝋ‫׶‬ˠϔ͹ᝋ۞ ၆ϲд઼छ͹ᝋѩ˘៍‫ه‬༊̚଀‫ז‬አ‫׶‬Ăֹ҃‫׌‬۰۞Ϭ࠼଀‫ז‬௚˘Ąҭ఺ ˘நኢಶ༊ॡ߆‫ࡦڼ‬ഀֽ࠻Ă‫ߏ݋‬Ӗ͹͹ᝋ‫׶‬ˠϔ͹ᝋ‫׌‬۰၆ԩ˭۞ԁ‫ם‬ ّ‫ޥ‬ຐய‫ۏ‬ĂЯѩ‫׎‬ኢࢗඕၹߊܲ঻˞‫׌‬჌໚‫̙ٺ‬Т͹ᝋ៍۞઼វࢋ৵Ă ˵ֹ̝೤Ъд˘੓҃‫ܧ‬ଳ‫פ‬৷ო۞Ӗ͹‫ٕט‬ϔ͹В‫׶‬Ąҭ఺˵ຍᏜ඾Ă఺ ᇹ۞நኢТॡᛃӣ˞၆ԩ඗၆Ӗ͹‫̈́ͽט‬၆ԩБ൒ˠϔ͹ᝋ۞ԶਾপّĈଂ ᄃ඗၆Ӗ͹‫۞ט‬၆ԩ఺࣎͞Шֽ࠻Ă઼ϔໄ‫ه‬ᄃϔ͹ăϔᝋăጳ߆͹ཌྷඈ ந‫ه‬ಶົ࠹༊ያ‫ܕ‬ćଂ١ϋВ‫׻ࢭ׶‬ᄃͅ၆ˠϔ͹ᝋ۞఺࣎͞Шֽ࠻Ă઼ϔ ໄ‫݋ه‬Ӕன΍ͅࢭ‫׻‬ăͅϔ͹඗၆͹ཌྷ۞Ғ૾Ą఺‫׌‬჌̙Т۞পّТॡϹ ะдᇇ઼઼छѣ፟ኢ༊̚Ă֭ԛј˞఺˘நኢ۞ૄአĄд Bluntschli ֹϡ઼ छѣ፟ኢͽ‫ޙ‬ၹҋ֗நኢ۞ТॡĂព൒˵˘ᇹ‫׍‬ѣ఺჌ТॡৼˢӖ͹‫׶ט‬

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 79 ഇƟϔ઼ 108 ѐ 3 ͡

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В‫ט׶‬পّ۞ԶਾপኳĄ༊൒Ăдୖୁ෹఺ֱ୻ϐ۞ۢᙊЊ݈̄‫͟ـ‬ώĂ มତгӛৼҘ͞நኢͽүࠎ߆‫ڼ‬ኢࢗ۞ྤ໚Ă΁ࣇΞਕ֭Ϗ୻຾гᄮᙊ‫ז‬ ఺ֱநኢٙ‫׍‬ѣ۞ॡ΃ຍཌྷాТЯ‫׎‬ॡ΃ࡦഀٙ૲ֽ۞পᕇĂ҃Ϊߏಏ৷ ଂ၁ϡ۞֎‫ޘ‬Ķ‫҃פ‬ϡ̝ķ Ą38 ҭಶΩγ˘͞ࢬֽᄲĂୖୁ෹̝ٙͽਕଂТ ˘நኢ༊̚଀΍̙Т۞ăࠤҌߏ‫ك‬ѩ኏ࡎ۞ྋ᝝Ă˵υ൒ߏૄ‫ ٺ‬Bluntschli நኢώ֗‫׍‬ѣ۞Զਾԁ‫ם‬পኳֽ҃Ą ଂ˯ࢗٙ೩̈́۞఺ֱࢬШֽ࠻ĂٕΞ଀΍тѩඕኢĂୖୁ෹၆‫ٺ‬ Bluntschli நኢ۞̙ТֹϡĂٙͅߍ΍۞่̙ߏ΁࣎ˠ۞ϲಞᖼԶĂТॡ˵ ͅߍ˞઼छѣ፟ኢ༊઼̚ϔໄ‫۞ه‬ኑᗔّĄ ͛ϐĂΞͽ೩΍˘࣎ࣃ଀ซ˘Վ੠ય۞યᗟĄࡶߏͿ௟៍၅ 1903-1905 ѐ̝มୖୁ෹‫׶‬՘ჟ኎۞ኢ‫ۋ‬Ă‫ܮ‬Ξ࠻‫׌ז‬۰ౌֹϡ˞ Bluntschli ၆‫઼ٺ‬ϔ ᄃϔ୉۞ໄ‫ه‬ડ̶Ąҭт݈͛тࢗĂд Bluntschli ۞‫ޥ‬ຐវր̰Ă઼ϔ޽ ۞ߏ‫׍‬ѣ߆‫ّڼ‬ኳ۞ཏវĂ҃ϔ୉‫݋‬Հк۞ߏ޽Ш˘̼࣎͛˯۞ཏវĄୖ ୁ෹ᔵ൒д‫ؕܐ‬ӛќ Bluntschli ۞઼ϔໄ‫ه‬ॡĂࠤֹ͌ϡϔ୉˘ෟăࠤҌ ѣ஄ϡ۞ଐ‫ڶ‬Ąҭ‫΁˞ז‬дᄃ՘ჟ኎۞‫ۋ‬ኢ̚Ă‫ځ݋‬ቁгԯ‫׌‬۰ගٛฟĂ ГϤѩ૟઼ϔໄ‫ాه‬ඕ‫۞ޘטڼ߆ז‬តࢭĞ߆‫׻ࢭڼ‬ğ Ăϔ୉ໄ‫ా݋ه‬ඕ‫ז‬ ༊ॡ઼̰̚ొ۞჌୉͚੨ĂϤѩ҃ࢉϠ΍ߏӎࢋଯᖙ͌ᇴ჌୉௚‫۞ڼ‬યᗟ Ğ჌୉ࢭ‫׻‬ğĄԧࣇΞͽ࠻‫ז‬ĂҌ͌дୖୁ෹‫׶‬՘ჟ኎֤྆ĂĶϔ୉ķ఺࣎ ໄ‫ه‬Ăౌ̙‫׍‬ѣࡻ‫ڱ‬ᄬ༊ٙ̚‫׍‬ѣ۞߆‫ّڼ‬ຍஉ ǕǕ ‫ޢ‬۰ͽ Meinecke ۞ϡ ෟֽᄲĂ‫׎ߏܮ‬ٙᏜĶ઼छϔ୉ķĞStaatsnationğĄ 39 дୖă՘ඈˠ૟Ķϔ ୉ķໄ‫ాه‬ඕ‫ז‬჌୉ࢭ‫۞׻‬યᗟॡĂ‫ܮ‬ಶ઼̰̚ొߏӎᑕ༊ԛј˘кĶϔ ୉ķ઼̝छĞୖୁ෹۞ϲಞğ Ăٕ۰Ϥ႔୉ၹј̝ಏ˘Ķϔ୉ķ઼छĞ՘ჟ ኎ͽ̈́ࢭ‫׻‬ᛨˠ۞ϲಞğ఺˘યᗟणฟϲಞ۞‫ۋ‬᜜Ąѩ఍̙ᑢ၆΁ࣇᙯ‫ٺ‬ ჌୉ࢭ‫۞׻‬ኢࢗкઇ඾ግĂΪߏࢋ੠યĈ୻ϐ၆‫ٺ‬Ķϔ୉ķ఺˘ໄ‫۞ه‬ӛ

38

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่̙၆‫ୁୖٺ‬෹ώˠтѩĂ၆‫ٺ‬ᇤᆷϔಡ۞ࢭ‫׻‬ᛨˠֽᄲϺߏтѩĄтѦἕ໚ି଱‫ܮ‬ ޽΍Ă༊ॡϔಡ۞ᇤቇˠĂ၆‫ٺ‬Ҙ͞۞நྋ‫׎‬၁ߏѣࢨ۞Ă΁ࣇӛќҘ͞‫ޥ‬ຐ۞͹ࢋ ϫ۞̪ߏ၁ચّ۞Ķା઼ķ‫פ‬ШĞѦἕ໚Ă1985Ĉ320-322ğĄ ࡻ͛‫݋‬кᛌࠎ߆‫ڼ‬ϔ୉Ğpolitical nationğ ĂᄃĶ̼͛ϔ୉ķ ĞKulturnation, cultural nationğĄ ઼छϔ୉˘ෟٙૻአ۞ߏĂૄ‫ڼ߆ٺ‬፟‫ྻ׻׶ט‬ٙԛј۞߆‫ڼ‬ВТវĄᙯ‫઼ٺ‬छϔ୉ ᄃ̼͛ϔ୉۞ࠧ‫׶ؠ‬நྋĂΞણ֍ Meinecke (1922: 3-8)Ą

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ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ

ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

ќ‫׶‬நྋĂߏӎͽ̈́дк̂඀‫˯ޘ‬၆‫͛̚͟ٺ‬૱ᄬ֏۞ֹϡ൴Ϡᇆᜩĉॡ Ҍ̫͟Ăкᇴˠ၆‫ٺ‬Ķϔ୉ķ˘ෟ۞நྋĂкΗ̪‫ޙ‬ϲд̼͛ВТវ۞ຐ ညĄ˵ߏЯѩĂд 90 ѐ΃̝‫ޢ‬Ăᄂ៉ጯࠧ‫ܮ‬ฟֹؕϡĶ઼୉ķ఺˘າෟ‫פ‬ ΃Ķϔ୉ķ ĂͽΎព΍ nation ఺˘ෟຉᄃ઼छ۞ᙯాّ̈́‫̰ڼ߆׎‬உĄࡶϤ ѩ࠻Ă̫͟۞Ķໄ‫ه‬ķֹϡĂΞਕಶԛј‫୻ٺ‬ϐ͔ˢ఺࣎Ҙ͞ໄ‫۞ه‬ॡ‫ג‬Ą Г۰Ă઄ֹӍˠГซ˘Վ੠ವ඾ୖୁ෹۞‫ޥ‬ຐซྮĂͽ̈́΁၆‫ٺ‬Ķ઼ϔķ ᄃĶϔ୉ķໄ‫۞ه‬நྋֹϡĂٕ۰Ξਕ޶ଧ΍˘୧઼̚‫΃ܕ‬Ϋ˯അ΍ன࿅Ă ͽ߆‫ڼ‬ᄮТ‫̼͛΃פ‬ϔ୉ᄮТ۞ኢࢗ൴णྮशĄᙯ‫఺ٺ‬ᕇĂд३ᆷ˞Ķ઼ ϔķኢࢗ‫إޢ‬Ξ঻‫ޢ͟ޞ‬఍நĄ

ણ҂३ϫ ˘ă͛̚ొ̶ ઼઼̚ϔᛨ̚δ؎ࣶົᛨΫΫफ़በᚷ؎ࣶົበĂ1968Ă Į઼ϔಡຉበį ĂᄂΔĈ ̚ ઼ ઼ ϔ ᛨ ̚ δ ؎ ࣶ ົ ᛨ Ϋ Ϋ फ़ በ ᚷ ؎ ࣶ ົ Ą Zhongguo Kuomintang zhongyang weiyuanhui dangshi shiliao bianzuan weiyuanhui ed. 1968. Guomin bao hui bian [Compilation of The Chinese National]. Taipei: Zhongguo Kuomintang zhongyang weiyuanhui dangshi shiliao bianzuan weiyuanhui. ͐೻འĂ1997Ă IJ઼̚‫઼΃ܕ‬छ៍‫ه‬໖໚ůᙯ‫ٺ‬ұࣖۢந઼छኢ۞ᖙᛌij Ă Į‫ܕ‬ ΃Ϋࡁտį Ă4: 221-32ĄMarianne Bastid-Bruguière. 1997. “Zhongguo jindai guojia guannian suyuan- Guanyu Bluntchli guojialun de fanyi” [Trace the source of the Idea of State in Modern China: about the Translation of the theory of State by Bluntchli]. Modern Chinese History Studies 4: 221-232. ᦚДपĂ1966Ă Į୻ϐࢭ‫׻‬ᄃӖጳ۞ኢ‫ۋ‬į ĂᄂΔĈ̚δࡁտੰ‫΃ܕ‬ΫࡁտٙĄ Chi, Bing-feng. 1966. Qingmo geming yu junxian de lunzheng [The Controversies between Revolutionists and Constitutionalists in the Late Ch’ing Period]. Taipei: Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica. Ѧἕ໚Ă1985Ă ĮТ༖ົ۞ࢭ‫׻‬நኢĈ Īϔಡī۞࣎९ࡁտį ĂᄂΔĈ̚δࡁտ ੰ‫΃ܕ‬ΫࡁտٙĄZhu, Hong-yuan. 1985. Tungmenghui de geming lilun: “Minbao” de gean yanjiu [Tongmenghui’s Theory of Revolution: A Case Study of “Minbao”]. Taipei: Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica. Ք‫ڗ‬ဋĂ2002ĂIJ઼ᝋᄃϔᝋĈ୎୻۞Ķ઼ϔķኢࢗĂ1895-1911ijĂĮ̚δࡁ

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 79 ഇƟϔ઼ 108 ѐ 3 ͡

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տੰ።Ϋᄬ֏ࡁտٙะΏįĂ73(4): 685-734ĄShen, Sung-chiao. 2002. “Guoquan yu minquan: Wanqing de ‘guomin’ lunshu, 1895-1911” [State Sovereignty and Popular Sovereignty: The Discourse of “Guomin” during the Late Qing, 1895-1911]. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology Academia Sinica 73(4): 685-734. ՘ჟ኎Ă2015aĂ IJϔ୉۞઼ϔij Ăเҹ‫ڠ‬ăምЍࣰĞበğ Ă Įࢭ‫۞׻‬ԭፄ‫߄׶‬ጼĈ Įϔಡį ă ĮາϔᕍಡįኢጼᏴበį ĂᄂΔĈ͛ഀĂࢱ 28-48ĄWan, Jing-wei. 2015a. “Minzu de guomin” [Citizens of the Nation]. In Geming de jueze he tiaozhan “Minbao” and “Xinmin congbao” lunzhan xuanbian [The Choices and Challenges of the Revolution: Selected Episodes of the “Minbao” and “Xinmin Congbao”], eds. Huang, Ke-wu & Guang-zhe Pan. Taipei: Winjoin, 28-48. ՘ჟ኎Ă2015bĂ IJᅺາϔᕍಡ౵‫׻ࢭܧ̝ܕ‬ኢij Ăเҹ‫ڠ‬ăምЍࣰĞበğ Ă Įࢭ ‫۞׻‬ԭፄ‫߄׶‬ጼĈĮϔಡįăĮາϔᕍಡįኢጼᏴበįĂᄂΔξĈ͛ഀĂࢱ 144-173ĄWan, Jing-wei. 2015b. “Bo Xinmin congbao zuijin zhi fei geming lun” [The Critic of Non-revolutionary Theory in Recent Xinmin Congbao]. In Geming de jueze he tiaozhan “Minbao” and “Xinmin congbao” lunzhan xuanbian [The Choices and Challenges about the Revolution: Selected Episodes of the “Minbao” and “Xinmin Congbao”], eds. Huang, Ke-wu & Guang-zhe Pan. Taipei: Winjoin, 144-173. ‫៍ܛ‬ᑾĂᆒ‫ܦ‬पĂ2008ĂĮ៍‫ه‬ΫࡁտĈ઼̚ன΃ࢦࢋ߆‫ڼ‬ఙᄬ۞ԛјįĂࢶ പĈࢶപ͛̂̚ጯĄJin, Guan-tao & Qing-feng Liu. 2008. Guannian shi yanjiu: Zhongguo xiandai zhongyao zhengzhi shuyu de xingcheng [Studies in History of Ideas: The Formation of Important Modern Chinese Political Terms]. Hongkong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong. বมۡፘ඾ĂૺϜ‫ڒ‬ᛌĂ1997ĂIJୖୁ෹ࡁտᄃĶ͟ώķijĂĮ‫઼̚΃ܕ‬Ϋࡁտ ఼ੈįĂ24: 44-53ĄHazama, Naoki. Chang, Yu-lin trans. “Liang Qi-chao yanjiu yu ‘Riben’” [Study of Liang Qichao and “Japan”]. Newsletter for Modern Chinese History 24: 44-53. ૺҢߵĂ1971Ă IJୖୁ෹઼छ៍‫̝ه‬ԛјij Ă Į߆‫ڼ‬ጯಡį Ă1: 1-66ĄChang, Fo-quan. 1971. “Liang Qi-chao guojia guannian zhi xincheng” [The Formation of Liang Qi-chao’s Theory of State]. Chinese Political Science Review 1: 1-66. ૺ‫ڈ‬๩Ă1982Ă Įୖୁ෹ᄃ୻‫׻ࢭ؞‬į ĂᄂΔĈ̚δࡁտੰ‫΃ܕ‬ΫࡁտٙĄChang, Peng-yuan.1982. Liang Qi-chao yu qingji geming [Liang Qi-chao and the

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ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ

ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

Revolution in Qing Dynasty]. Taipei: Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica. ૺ྽ཌྷăष઼ᇉĂ2007Ă IJ઼छϠ‫׻‬ᄃۤົϠ߿ůୖୁ෹۞઼छநኢij Ă Į̋̚ ˠ͛ۤົࡊጯഇΏį Ă15(2): 75-120ĄChang, Dao-yi & Guo-qing Hsu. 2007. “Guojia shengming yu shehui shenghuo-Liang Qi-chao de guojia lilun” [State Being and Social Existence: Liang Chi-Chao’s Theory of State]. Journal of Social Sciences 15(2): 75-120. ୖୁ෹Ă1903Ă IJ߆‫ڼ‬ጯ̂छұࣖۢந̝ጯᄲij Ă Įາϔᕍಡį Ă38: 9-16ĄLiang, Qi-chao.1903. “Zhengzhixue dajia Bluntchli zhi xueshuo” [Theory of the Master of Politics, Bluntchli]. Xin min cong bao 38: 9-16. ୖୁ෹Ă1936aĂ IJ઼छ‫ޥ‬ຐតዏளТኢij Ă൑Ğበğ Ă Į฼Д‫ވ‬Ъะ (6) į Ă˯ঔĈ ̚ර३ԊĂࢱ 12-22ĄLiang, Qi-chao. 1936a. “Guojia sixiang bianqian yitong lun” [On the Differences in the Development of State Theory]. In Yinpingshi heji 6 [Collected Works of Yinpingshi Vol.6], N.ed. Shanghai: Zhonghua Book Company, 12-22. ୖୁ෹Ă1936bĂIJຑ઼ኢijĂ൑ĞበğĂĮ฼Д‫ވ‬Ъะ (3) įĂ˯ঔĈ̚ර३ԊĂ ࢱ 65-77ĄLiang, Qi-chao.1936b. “Ai guo lun” [On Patriotism]. In Yinpingshi heji 3 [Collected Works of Yinpingshi Vol.3], N.ed. Shanghai: Zhonghua Book Company, 65-77. ୖୁ෹Ă1936cĂ IJኢ‫઼͵ܕ‬ϔᚮ‫̝̂ۋ‬๕઼݈̈́̚౉ij Ă൑Ğበğ Ă Į฼Д‫ވ‬Ъ ะ (4) įĂ˯ঔĈ̚ර३ԊĂࢱ 56-61ĄLiang, Qi-chao.1936c. “Lun jinshi guomin jingzheng zhi dashi ji Chongguo qiantu” [On Competition among Nations in the Modern Era and Future of China]. In Yinpingshi heji 4 [Collected Works of Yinpingshi Vol. 4], N.ed. Shanghai: Zhonghua Book Company, 56-61. ୖୁ෹Ă1936dĂ IJ઼̚᎕ऴ໖໚ኢij Ă൑Ğበğ Ă Į฼Д‫ވ‬Ъะ (5) į Ă˯ঔĈ̚ ර३ԊĂࢱ 12-42ĄLiang, Qi-chao.1936d. “Chungkuo chijo suyuan lun” [Trace the Reason of Weak China]. In Yinpingshi heji 5 [Collected Works of Yinpingshi Vol. 5], N.ed. Shanghai: Zhonghua Book Company, 12-42. ୖୁ෹Ă1936eĂIJາϔᄲijĂ൑ĞበğĂĮ฼Д‫ވ‬ЪะĞ૞ะ 4ğįĂ˯ঔĈ̚ර ३ԊĂࢱ 1-126ĄLiang, Qi-chao.1936e. “Xin min shuo” [New National]. In Yinpingshi heji zhuanji 4 [Collected Works of Yinpingshi issue 4], N.ed. Shanghai: Zhonghua Book Company, 1-126.

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ୖୁ෹Ă1936fĂIJЧ઼ጳ‫ڱ‬ளТኢijĂ൑ĞበğĂĮ฼Д‫ވ‬Ъะ (4) įĂ˯ঔĈ̚ ර३ԊĂࢱ 71-79ĄLiang, Qi-chao. 1936f. “Ge guo xianfa yitong lun” [Similarities and Difference between the Constitution of Countries]. In Yinpingshi heji 4 [Collected Works of Yinpingshi Vol. 4], N.ed. Shanghai: Zhonghua Book Company, 71-79. ୖୁ෹Ă1936gĂ IJϲጳ‫ڱ‬ኢij Ă൑Ğበğ Ă Į฼Д‫ވ‬Ъะ (5) į Ă˯ঔĈ̚ර३ԊĂ ࢱ 1-7ĄLiang, Qi-chao.1936g. “Li xianfa lun” [On Constitution]. In Yinpingshi heji 5 [Collected Works of Yinpingshi Vol. 5], N.ed. Shanghai: Zhonghua Book Company, 1-7. ୖୁ෹Ă1936hĂ IJ߆‫ڼ‬ጯ̂छұࣖۢந̝ጯᄲij Ă൑Ğበğ Ă Į฼Д‫ވ‬Ъะ (13) į Ă ˯ঔĈ̚ර३ԊĂࢱ 67-89ĄLiang, Qi-chao.1936h. “Zhengzhixue dajia Bluntchli zhi xueshuo” [Theory of the Master of Politics, Bluntchli]. In Yinpingshi heji 13 [Collected Works of Yinpingshi Vol. 13], N.ed. Shanghai: Zhonghua Book Company, 67-89. ୖୁ෹Ă1936iĂIJฟ‫ځ‬૞‫ט‬ኢijĂ൑ĞበğĂĮ฼Д‫ވ‬Ъะ (17) įĂ˯ঔĈ̚ර ३ԊĂࢱ 13-83ĄLiang, Qi-chao.1936i. “Kaiming zhuanzhi lun” [Enlightened Despotism]. In Yinpingshi heji 17 [Collected Works of Yinpingshi Vol. 17], N.ed. Shanghai: Zhonghua Book Company, 13-83. ୖୁ෹Ă2005ĂIJ઼छኢijĂआፍࢆĞበğĂĮ฼Д‫ވ‬Ъะะγ͛Ğ˭ΊğįĂΔ ִĈΔִ̂ጯ΍‫ۤۍ‬Ăࢱ 1206-1244ĄLiang, Qi-chao. 2005. “Guojia lun” [Theory of State]. In Yin bing shi he ji ji wai wen [Articles excluded from Collected Works of Yinpingshi], ed. Xia, Xiao-hong. Beiging: Beijing daxue chuban she, Vol. 3: 1206-1244. ౪‫؜‬රĂ1986aĂ IJኢ઼઼̚ϔ౹Ϡ‫̫͟ٺ‬ij ĂາϔۤĞበğ Ă Į୻ᛉಡБበĞαğį Ă ᄂΔĈ͛ঔ΍‫ۤۍ‬Ăࢱ 24-29ĄMai, Meng-hua. 1986a. “Lun chong guo guomin chuangsheng yu jinri” [On the Birth of Chinese Nation in Nowadays]. In Qing yi bao quan bian [Collections of Qing yi bao Vol. 4], ed. Xinmin Co. Taipei: Wen Hai Press Company, 24-29. ౪‫؜‬රĂ1986bĂ IJᄲζᔴijĂາϔۤĞበğ Ă Į୻ᛉಡБበĞ˟ğį ĂᄂΔĈ͛ঔ ΍‫ۤۍ‬Ăࢱ 6-12ĄMai, Meng-hua. 1986b. “Shuo nuli” [On Slaves]. In Qing yi bao quan bian [Collections of Qing yi bao Vol. 2], ed. Xinmin Co. Taipei: Wen Hai Press Company, 6-12. เҹ‫ڠ‬Ă1994ĂĮ˘࣎జ‫ٸ‬ୢ۞ᏴፄĈୖୁ෹አዋ‫ޥ‬ຐ̝ࡁտįĂᄂΔĈ̚ࡁ

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ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ

ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

ੰ‫΃ܕ‬ΫࡁտٙĄHuang, Ke-wu. 1994. “Yi ge bei fangqi de xuanze Liang, Qi-chao tiaoshi sixiang zhi yanjiu” [An Abandoned Choice: The Study of Liang Qichao’s Accomodative Thought]. Taipei: Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica. ໅‫إ‬ጏĂ2014ĂIJГኢ઼छ̮ࢵ̝ᝋ‫ރ‬д Schmitt நኢ̝̚ຍཌྷĈᄃIJˠॾᝋ ‫ރ‬ᄃ߆‫ڼ‬৩Ԕ۞ԛјij˘͛થၻij Ă Į߆‫ڼ‬ᄃۤົࣰጯෞኢį Ă50: 101-156Ą Yang, Shang-Ju. 2014. “Zailun guojia yuanshou zhi quanwei zai Schmitt lilun Zhong zhi yiyiĈyu ‘Renge quanwei yu zhengzhi zhixu de xingcheng’ yiwen shangque” [On Schmitt’s Conception of the Authority of the Head of State: A Different View from “The Personal Authority and the Formation of Political Order”]. A Journal for Philosophical Study of Public Affairs 50: 101-156. ዑМϔĂ2003Ă Įୖୁ෹ୁᄋ‫ޥ‬ຐ۞‫ڌ‬ጯࡦഀį Ă˯ঔĈ˯ঔ३‫ظ‬΍‫ۤۍ‬ĄZheng, Kuang-min. 2003. “Liang, Qi-chao qimeng sixiang de dongxue Beijing” [The Japanese Theoretical Backgrund in Liang Qi-chao’s Enlightened Thought]. Shanghai: Shanghai Bookstore Publishing House. Ꮒ੼‫ޜ‬Ă2006ĂIJĮϔࡗኢįд઼̚Ĉ˘࣎ͧྵ‫ޥ‬ຐΫ۞҂၅ijĂĮ‫ޥ‬ຐΫįĂ3: 105-154ĄXiao, Gao-yan. 2006. “Minyue lun zai Zhongguo: yi ge bijiao sixiang shi de kaocha” [The Social Contract in China: A Study of Comparative Intellectual history]. Intellectual history 3: 105-154.

˟ă͛͟ొ̶ Bluntschli, J. C. ඾Ăπϣ‫ڌ‬ӄăπ๯‫ࢡ˟ؠ‬ᛌĂ1889ĂĮ国家論įĂ‫ִڌ‬Ĉߋ วૅĄᛌҋ Deutsche Statslehre für Gebildet. Nördlingen: C. H. Beck. 1874. Bluntschli, Johann Caspar. Hirata, Tosuke & Hiratsuka Tadashi Jirō. trans. 1889. Kokka ron [The Theory of the State]. Tokyo: Chun yang tang. Translated from Deutsche Statslehre für Gebildet. Nördlingen: C. H. Beck. 1874. Bluntschli, J. C. ඾Ăπϣ‫ڌ‬ӄᛌĂ1882ĂĮ国家論įĂ‫ִڌ‬Ĉफ‫̬˘ޏ‬Ąᛌҋ Deutsche Statslehre für Gebildet. Nördlingen: C. H. Beck. 1874. Bluntschli, Johann Caspar. Hirata, Tosuke. trans. 1882. Kokka ron [The Theory of the State]. Tokyo: Shimaya Kazusuke. Translated from Deutsche Statslehre für Gebildet. Nördlingen: C. H. Beck. 1874. Bluntschli, J. C. ඾ĂϮߺΞᅃᛌĂ1880ĂĮ国会汎論įĂ‫ִڌ‬Ĉ͛会‫۽‬Ąᛌҋ Lehre vom modernen Stat. Vol. 2. Stuttgart: Verlag der J. G. Cottáschen

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Buchhandlung. 1876. Bluntschli, Johann Caspar. Ishizuka Tasuku. trans. 1880. Kokkai hanron [The General Theory of Parlament]. Tokyo: Bunkai. Translated from Lehre vom modernen Stat. Vol. 2. Stuttgart: Verlag der J. G. Cottáschen Buchhandlung. 1876. Bluntschli, J. C. ඾ĂӍ‫؍‬һ‫ڼ‬ᛌĂ1899ĂĮ国家学įĂ‫ִڌ‬Ĉච隣ᛌ३ᐡĄᛌ ҋ Deutsche Statslehre für Gebildet. Nördlingen: C. H. Beck. 1874. Bluntschli, Johann Caspar. Azuma, Heiji. trans. 1889. Kokka-gaku [The Theory of the State]. Tokyo: Zenrin osayokan. Translated from Deutsche Statslehre für Gebildet. Nördlingen: C. H. Beck. 1874.

ˬăҘ͛ొ̶ Bluntschli, J. C. 1852. Allgemeines Staatsrecht. 1st ed. München: Verlag der literarisch-artistischen Anstalt. Bluntschli, J. C. 1861. “Monarchie.” In Deutsches Staats-Wörterbuch Vol. 6, eds. Johann Caspar Bluntschli & Karl Ludwig Theodor Brater. Stuttgart und Leipzig: Expedition des Staats-Wörterbuchs, 704-741. Bluntschli, J. C. 1862. “Nation und Volk, Nationalitätsprincip.” In Deutsches Staats-Wörterbuch Vol. 7, eds. Johann Caspar Bluntschli & Karl Ludwig Theodor Brater. Stuttgart und Leipzig: Expedition des Staats-Wörterbuchs, 152-160. Bluntschli, J. C. 1874. Deutsche Statslehre für Gebildete. 1st ed. Nördlingen: C. H. Beck. Bluntschli, J. C. 1875. Lehre vom Modernen Stat Vol. 1. 5th ed. Stuttgart: Verlag der J. G. Cotta´schen Buchhandlung. Bluntschli, J. C. 1881. “Die Nationale Statenbildung und der Moderne Stat.” in Gesammelte kleine Schariften Vol. 2, N. ed. Nördlingen: C. H. Beck, 70-113. Bluntschli, J. C. 1885. The Theory of the State. Trans. David G. Ritchie, P. E. Matheson & Richard Lodge. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Böckenförde, Ernst-Wolfgang. 1992a. “Der Staat als Organismus. Zur staatstheoretisch-verfassungspolitischen Diskussion im frühen Konstitutionalismus.” In Recht, Staat, Freiheit: Studien zur Rechtsphilosophie, Staatstheorie und Verfassungsgeschichte, N. ed. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp, 263-272. Böckenförde, Ernst-Wolfgang. 1992b. “Der deutsche Typ der konstitutionellen Monarchie.” In Recht, Staat, Freiheit: Studien zur Rechtsphilosophie,

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ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ

ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

Staatstheorie und Verfassungsgeschichte, N. ed. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 112-145. Böckenförde, Ernst-Wolfgang. 2004 “Organ, Organismus, Organisation, politischer Körper.” In Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe Vol. 4, eds. Otto Brunner, Werner Conze and Reinhart Koselleck. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 561-622. Boldt, Hans. 2004. “Staat und Souveränität.” In Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe Vol. 6, eds. Otto Brunner, Werner Conze and Reinhart Koselleck. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1-154. Chang, Hao. 1971. Liang Ch’i-ch’ao and Intellectural Transition in China, 1890-1907. Cambridge: Havard University Press. Lei, Yong. 2010. Auf der Suche nach dem Modernen Staat: Die Einflüsse der Allgemeinen Staatslehre Johann Caspar Bluntschlis auf das Staatsdenken Liang Qichaos. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Meinecke, Friedrich. 1922. Weltbürgertum und Nationalstaat: Studien zur Genesis des Deutschen Nationalstaates. München: Oldenbourg. Schmitt, Carl. 2003. Verfassungslehre. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. Skinner, Quentin. 2013. “Truth and the Historian.” Intellectual HistoryĞĮ‫ޥ‬ຐΫįğ 1: 187-211. Stolleis, Michael. 1992. Geschichte des öffentlichen Rechts in Deutschland: Staatsrechtslehre und Verwaltungswissenschaft 1800-1914 Vol. 2. München: Beck.

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The Two Faces of Liang Qichao’s Concept of “Volk”: A Perspective from Bluntschli’s Theory of the State* Shang-ju Yang** & Yi-tsang Lin***

Abstract Liang Qichao’s political thought took a dramatic turn after his travels to the United States in 1903. Previously, Liang had tended to emphasize the importance of political rights and the transformation of the political system. Later, his attitude became more conservative, and he began to stand against the Republican revolution. What remains constant throughout his writings, however, is the core concept of the “people” (Volk), which Liang indirectly took from Bluntschli. Using the contextualist method, this article attempts to point out that Liang merely took the parts of Bluntschli’s concept of Volk which served his purposes well, depending upon the situation and political goal. It was possible for him to use the term for opposing purposes as it originated from 19th century German political theory, which was essentially shaped by political compromise between the ruler and popular sovereignty. It, therefore, had a double meaning, which contained arguments both in favor of civil liberties and in support of the persistence of the monarchy. Keywords: Liang Qichao, Bluntschli, Theory of State, Volk, Contextualism

* **

DOI:10.6166/TJPS.201903_(79).0001 Assistant Professor of Institute of Political Science, National Sun Yat-sen University. E-mail: [email protected]. *** Ph. D. candidate of Department of Political Science, Chinese Culture University. E-mail: [email protected].

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ኢୖୁ෹Ķ઼ϔķໄ‫ّࢬ׌۞ه‬Ĉ ͽ Bluntschli ઼छጯᄲүࠎࡦഀ۞҂၅

໅‫إ‬ጏă‫ݴڒ‬ᄔ