The following paper was originally published in the Proceedings of the Tenth USENIX System Administration Conference (LISA X) Chicago, IL, USA, Sept. 29 - Oct. 4, 1996
Abstract Yourself With Modules
John L. Furlani, Sun Microsystems, Inc. Peter W. Osel, Siemens Components, Inc.
For more information about USENIX Association contact: 1. Phone: 510 528-8649 2. FAX: 510 548-5738 3. Email:
[email protected] 4. WWW URL: http://www.usenix.org
!#"$&%$(' )+*,$.-/# 0 132+425763 8:9;2+ )+*=?"* Z5^ bWZY\SUWVYX Ç Á : Ç Á È?9IVYX(PSTS^ `5V>OQZYdSbWhSTSU_Z5]_bWPSd : Ç Á Ç Á Á vZY`YSZYpSVnáKVYhSV5dSRSVYdS`YrgIPSdS]_^PSU : Ç Ç Á v]_Z5dSRSZY^ RgIPSdSf bWpSTS^ ZY]WbWPSdZYdSpSTSZYpSV : Ç Á Ç Á KbWVY^ Z5^ `YaSbW`YZ5U@vZY`5SZYpSVÇ[Z5ibWdSp : Ç Á Ç Á A TSVY^r þ cSZYbWU_Z5\SU_VnZYdSR þ `Y]WbWcSVBvZY`YSZ5pSVYX : Ç Á : A TSVY^rgl dSf PS^iZ5]_bWPSd þ \SPSTS]>vZY`YSZYpSV5X : Ç Á Ç Á l dSaSV5^ VYdS]> VY^X(b_PSdSbWdSpgvTShShSPS^ ] : Ç Á l OQl %á vrSi\SPSUWbW`B VY^X(b_PSdgOQZ5dSZYpSVYi:VYdS] : Ç Á Ç Á ÆKX(ZYpSVn^ Z5`YbWdSp : Ç Á Ç Á &ÎSí;ÊWË â (nuvVYZY]WTS^ V5XPSf;PSf]_zyZY^ V þ `Y]Wb_cS5Z ]_bWPSdgvPSU_TS]WbWPSdSX uvVYZY]WTS^ V5X
âãSä
PSpSbWdS vaSZY^VYR
;PSf]
`YX(a
X(aSxS`YX(a
:
:
Ç Á Ç Á
Ç Á : : Ç Á Ç Á Ç Á Ç Á Ç Á Ç Á Ç Á Ç Á Ç Á
Ç Á : Ç Á Ç Á Ç Á Ç Á Ç Á Ç Á Ç Á Ç Á Ç Á Ç Á Ç Á Ç Á
âãSãSägå Bæèç|é|êºæèËYëv ËYìwí;Ë5>î ãSï ð ¡Y SívËYnñSò âãSãSä êgóKô;¢W¡YÎSõSSòS å
ú vYÊWÎS;¢+û ð Ì(ËYÊ ²W´S²
W² ´S²[{
S~qbWX f PS^qUWPSZYRSbWdSpSxTSdSUWPSZYRSbWdSp7hSZY`YSZYpSV5X PSdS ]WaSVY fU_rYxZYX3zKVYUWU>ZYX[f PS^gSTSVY^rSb_dSpeZYcSZYbWUWZY\SUWV¥ZYdSReU_PSZ5RSVYR hSZY`5SZYpSVYX(k¤PSTS^dSVKZ5dSR:£X&aSV5U_UWXZY^ VyX(TShShSPS^ ]WVYRSk²W´S²TSX(VYX Z[X(b_dSpSUWV[RSbW^ VY`5]_PS^r¥]WP¥X(]WPS^ V[`YPSdSfb_pSTS^ZY]Wb_PSdLf bWU_V5X RSVYX(`5^ bW\S bWdSpwV5dScSb_^PSdSiV5dS]`5aSZYdSpSVYX dSVYVYRSV5Rw]WP¥ZY`Y]WbWcSZY]WV?ZYd¥ZYhShSUWbW `YZ5]_bWPSdSkIIPSdSf bWpSTS^ ZY]WbWPSdebWdSf PS^ i:ZY]WbWPSde`YZ5de\SVLX(]WPS^ V5Reb_d7Z X(bWdSpSU_Vgf bWU_VgPS^PSd[ZghSVY^hSZ5`YSZYpSVg\SZYX(bWX&kvaSVY^ Vgb_X>dSP[aSbWVY^ ZY^`YaSbW`YZYUpS^PSTShSb_dSp¥PSf`YPSdSf bWpSTS^ ZY]WbWPSdwfb_UWVYX(kaSV:`5PSdSf bWpSTS ^ Z5]_bWPSdEfb_UWVYXRSPEdSPS]mTSX(V3Z X(]WZYdSRSZY^REUWZYdSpSTSZYpSV5 k :PSTE`5ZYd X(VYUWVY`Y]]WPwi:ZYSV[hSZY`YSZYpSV5XyZ5cSZYbWU_Z5\SU_V[\SZYX(VYR¥PSd¥PShSVY^ Z5]_bWdSp X(rSX(]_V5ixi:ZY`5aSb_dSVÙZY^ `5aSb_]WVY`5]_TS^VÏPS^µaSPSX(]WdSZYi:VYk²W´S²NbWX bWihSUWVYi:VYdS]WVYR¦bWd ï5®(ÜÝ}Þe{ }.}~ kql ]?b_XZYcSZ5b_UWZY\SUWVNf ^ V5VNPSf `YaSZ5^§pSV>fPS^dSPSdS `5PSii:VY^`YbWZYU+TSX&V5k ¯Y´S³5³ ¯Y´S³5³ { 5S~i:ZYdSbWhSTSU_Z5]_V5XVYdScSbW^ PSdSi:VYdS]vZYdSR:U_PS`5ZYU;cSZ5^ bW ZY\SUWVYX¼bWd Z X(aSVYUWUW bWdSRSVYhSVYdSRSV5dS]¦iZ5dSdSVY^Wkl ]¦X(TShShSPS^ ]WX ¤IPSTS^ dSV¥ZYdSRÀX(aSVYUWUWX(I k :PST`5ZYdX(VY]Z5dSRZ5U_]WVY^ V5dScSb_^PSdS i:VYdS]IcSZ5^ bWZY\SUWVYX(kmdSV5z|`YPSi:hSPSdSVYdS]Wk :PST`YZ5dZ5U_X(Pi:PScSV¥`YPSi:hSPSdSVYdS]WX[zKbW]_aSbWdVYSbWX(]_bWdSphSZY]Wa UWb_X(]WX(k¥¯Y´S³Y³ºaSZ5Xq\SVYVYdETSX(VYRE]WPEzK^ bW]WV3X(]_Z5^ ]W TShEX(`Y^ bWhS]WXgfPS^ ZYhShSUWbW`YZY]WbWPSdSXm]WaSZY]`YZ5dq\SVsX(PSTS^ `YVYR\Srq\SPS]Waq¤IPSTS^ dSVsZYdSRq X(aSVYUWUWX&k Á dS`5VyZYd?ZYhShSUWb_`5ZY]Wb_PSd?bWXIZY`5]_bWcSZY]WVYR?\Sr?X(PSTS^ `YbWdSp?b_]WX X(]WZY^ ]W TShX(`Y^ bWhS]WxrSPST`YZYdSdSPS]3RSVYZY`Y]WbWcSZY]WV|b_]3TSdSU_V5X(XrSPST zK^ bW]WVQZGX(VYhSZ5^ ZY]WVQRSVYZY`5]_bWcSZY]WbWPSdvaSVYUWUKX(`Y^b_hS]y`YZY`5aSVYXºfPS^:\SPS]_aN¤PSTS^dSVQZYdSRX(aSV5U_UX(]WZY^ ]W TSh3f bWU_V5k;aSVg`YZY`YaSVgVYdSX(TS^VYX>RSTS^ bWdSp UWPSpSb_dº]WaSZY]VYZY`5a V5dScSb_^PSdSiV5dS]cSZ5^ bWZY\SUWVb_XKPSdSUWrºX(VY]PSdS`5VYk aSVY^VwZY^VwdSP`5PSii:ZYdSRSX?]WPRSVYZ5`Y]Wb_cSZ5]_V¥ZwhSZ5`YSZYpSV¥PSdS ]WaSVY fU_rYk þ RSbW^ VY`5]_PS^rN`YPSdS]WZYbWdSbWdSpNUWbWdSSXwf PS^?V5cSVY^ r£`YPSi: i:ZYdSR3f ^ PSiVYcSV5^ r3ZYcSZYbWUWZY\SUWVghSZY`YSZ5pSVgaSVYUWhSX>TSX(V5^ XnU_PS`5ZY]WV hSZY`5SZYpSVYX(k ÜW©¹²_´ K=¨ LSS®°¯YÚVYdS`5PSTS^ ZYpSV5XTSX&V5^ X]WP¦ZY`Y]WbWcSZY]WV i:ZYdSr[hSZ5`YSZYpSV5X>ZY]UWPSpSbWd[]Wb_i:VYkv¤V5`YZYTSX(VgPSf]WaSbWX>VYff VY`5]_xvZ cSZY^b_Z5dS]PSf]WaSVy£X(aSV5U_UzKZ5X`Y^ V5ZY]WVYR?fPS^X(TShShSPS^ ]WbWdSp?M Z #SS
çKí;Ì(YÎS¡Y÷S ;5Ì&Ë5Ê_øù¢W ô3ÉPSf`5aSZY^§pSV5k N>OP J «_S´SÚSS®°R Ú Qt©¹²W´ J N>OP «WS´SÚSS®° Ú Qt©¹²W´|X(TShShSPS^ ]WXw]WaSVX(VY]WTShNPSf?]WaSV TSX(VY^5 XIbWdSbW]Wb_Z5UvVYdScSbW^ PSdSi:VYdS]vRSTS^b_dSp?UWPSpSb_d?f PS^¤IPSTS^ dSVyZYdSR üX(aSVYUWUWX&ktl ]TSX(VYX:`YPSdSf bWpSTS^ ZY]WbWPSdGfb_UWVYXÝ]_Z5\SU_V5X(Þs]WPGRSV5f bWdSV aSPSzÏ]WaSV VYdScSbW^ PSdSi:VYdS]b_Xi:PSRSbWf bWVYRGzKaSVYdGZY`5]_bWcSZY]WbWdSpGZYd ZYhShSUWbW`YZY]WbWPSdSS k dScSbW^ PSdSi:VYdS] ZYdSR£U_PS`5ZYUycSZ5^ bWZY\SUWVYXw`5ZYd£\SV X(VY]Wx·TSdSX(VY]+PS^Z5U_]WVY^VYRSTk ;^PSpS^ ZYi:Xm`YZYdq\SVnV5SVY`YTS]WVYRqZYdSRq]WaSV TSX(VY^ `YZ5d\SV¥STSVY^b_V5R]WP`YPS^ ^VY`Y]WUWrX(VY]>]_aSV¥% %9IO cSZ5^ bW ZY\SUWVYknÆKX(VY^Xº`5ZYdNVYS`YUWTSRSVQZYhShSUWbW`YZY]WbWPSdSXwf ^ PSi b_dSbW]Wb_Z5U_bWÖYZ5 ]Wb_PSdSk þ UWX(PQ]_aS V N>OP J «WS´SÚSS®° Ú Qt©¹²_´X(TShShSPS^ ]WXRSV5U_Z5rSVYR ZYhShSUWbW`YZY]WbWPSd`5PSdSf bWpSTS^ ZY]WbWPSdbWdPS^RSVY^]WPi:ZYSVKbWdSbW]_bWZYUvU_PSpSbWd f Z5X&]WVY^Wkl ]>RSPSVYX?dSPS]>X(TShShSPS^ ]PSdS]_aSV5 f UWrhSZY`YSZYpSV¥Z5`Y]Wb_cSZ5 ]Wb_PSdZYdSRRSVYZY`5]_bWcSZY]WbWPSdqPS^X(PSf ]WzKZ5^ VshSZY`YSZ5pSVnRSbWX(`YPScSV5^ rkl ] bWXtdSPS]hSTS\SUWbW`YUWrgZYcSZYbWUWZY\SUWVYk ð v>ÉcSZ5^ bW ZY\SUWVYXEX(TS`Ya|Z5 X þ % KxKO þ Ç þ % KxyVY]W`YkyÆKX(b_dSpZe^ bW`Ya hS^ PSpS^ZYi:ibWdSpUWZYdSpSTSZYpSVwUWbWSVw`YUZYUWU_PSzyX:fPS^yZY^ \SbW]W^ ZY^b_UWr `YPSi:hSUWVY¥i:PSRSTSU_V5f bWU_V5X ]_aSZ5]^VYX(PSU_cSV[b_X(X(TSVYX UWbWSV?`YPSi:hSUWVY ZYhShSUWbW`YZY]WbWPSdÐRSVYhSVYdSRSV5dS`YbWVYX(xe^ VYX(PSTS^`YVÙZ5`YSTSbWX(b_]WbWPSdÐZYdSR ZYhShSUWbW`YZY]WbWPSdgZY`Y`5VYX(XtZYdSRgTSX(V>hSPSUWbW`YbWVYX(k uv^ PSi ]WaSVºTSX(VY^5 XhSVY^X(hSVY`Y]WbWcSVYx`5aSZYdSpSbWdSpG]WaSVºVYdScSbW ^ PSdSi:VYdS]IfPS^KPSdSVw]_rShSVwPSfyX(aSVYUWUIb_X:V5SZY`Y]WUWrQ]WaSVºX(Z5iVwZYX `YaSZ5dSpSb_dSp£]_aSVVYdScSbW^ PSdSi:VYdS]yfPS^:Z5dSPS]_aSV5^:]WrShSVPSf:X(aSV5U_UWk Á dSV>X(V5]PSfb_dSfPS^ i:ZY]Wb_PSdg]WZYSV5Xt`YZY^ VnPSfVYcSV5^ rgX(aSVYUWU+]_rShSV5k Á f ]WVYdSxIZLhSPSPSU>PSfgX(rSX(]_V5ijiPSRSTSUWVYfb_UWVYX3ZY^ VLX(aSZY^VYR \Sr?iZ5dSr:TSX(VY^X(k+aSVyOQPSRSTSUWVYXIhSZ5`YSZYpSVyV5dSZY\SUWVYXITSX(V5^ XI]WP i:ZYbWdS]_Z5b_d ]WaSVYbW^mPSzKd3`5PSU_UWVY`5]_bWPSd PSfti:PSRSTSUWVYf bWUWVYXs]_aSZ5]X(TShS hSUWVYi:VYdS]PS^^VYhSUWZY`YV[X(aSZY^ VYRLiPSRSTSUWVYfb_UWVYX(k þ X(VYZY^`Ya¥hSZY]Wa f PS^>iPSRSTSUWVYfb_UWVYX `YPSdS]W^ PSUWX UWPS`YZY]WbWdSp¥iPSRSTSUWVYfb_UWVYX ZYdSR¥`5ZYd \SV>RSrSdSZ5ibW`YZ5U_UWrgi:ZYdSbWhSTSU_Z5]_V5RSk l ]¥aSZYX£\SVY`5PSiV,`YPSi:iPSdÀhS^ZY`Y]WbW`YV¦]WPÀaSZYcSV,PSdSV i:PSRSTSU_V5f bWU_V3hSVY^>^ V5cSb_X(bWPSdLPSf>Z[X(PSf]_zyZY^ V[hSZ5`YSZYpSV5kaSVYX(V i:PSRSTSU_V5f bWU_V5XZY^ VºX(]_PS^VYRGbWdGZ RSbW^ VY`5]_PS^rGdSZYi:VYRGZYf]_V5^s]WaSV X(PSf ]WzKZY^VÀhSZY`YSZYpSVÀdSZ5iV5 k 9IVYf V5^ VYdS`5b_dSp ]WaSV RSbW^ V5`Y]WPS^ r X(]W^ TS`Y]WTS^ VÙX(VYUWVY`Y]WXüZÏRSV5f ZYTSUW]ñSò âãSãSä êgóKôv¢_¡5ÎSõSSòS å
âãV
ú vYÊWÎS;¢+û ð Ì(ËYÊ
çKívÌ( YÎS¡5÷S vYÌ(ËYÊWøù¢W ô3É]WaSV ÿ Ç[Æ`YPSi:hSbWUWVY^ Þ k æè ÎS;vÎSY3úËYÎS ;ËYÌ Á TS^7OQPSRSTSUWVYXµhSZY`YSZYpSVoX(TShShSPS^]_Xµ]_aSVofPSU_UWPSzKbWdSp f V5ZY]WTS^ VY)X ( * ;VY]PS^Z5U_]WVY^tV5dScSb_^PSdSiV5dS]cSZY^ bWZY\SUWVYXnÝ hS^ V5 hSVYdSRSbWdSp PS^ZYhShSVYdSRSbWdSpghSZY]Wag`YPSi:hSPSdSVYdS]WX(Þ * dScSb_^PSdSiV5dS]cSZ5^ bWZY\SUWV>PShS]Wb_i:bWÖYZY]WbWPSd * þ U_bWZYXµRSVYfb_dSbW]Wb_PSdÏÝ i:ZYhShSV5R]WPÏX(aSVYUWUEZYUWbWZYX(VYXµPS^ f TSdS`Y]WbWPSdSXzyaSVY^ VnZYhShS^ PShS^ bWZY]WVYÞ * ÈK 9IVYX(PSTS^ `YVniZ5dSb_hSTSUWZY]WbWPSd * þ cSZY^ bWVY]WrºPSfX(aSVYUWU_XKZ5dSR UWZYdSpSTSZ5pSVYX(xVYkÓpSkÓx¤PSTS^dSV X&aSV5U_UWxSeX(aSVYUWU_xShSV5^ UWxSZYdSRgVYi:ZY`5X Þ ;+RSV5ZY`Y]WbWcSZY]WVnÝ TSdSUWPSZYRSÞPSdSVnPS^X(V5cS * þ `Y]Wb_cSZ5]_VsÝ UWPSZYRS4 VY^ ZYU+hSZY`5SZYpSVYXtbWdgZ>X(bWdSpSUWV>PShSVY^ Z5]_bWPSd * ÆKdSU_PSZ5RgZYUWU`5TS^ ^ V5dS]_UWrgUWPSZYRSVYRghSZ5`YSZYpSV5XÝhSTS^§pSV5Þ * S`YaSZYdSpSV>ÝX(zKZYhSÞhSZ5`YSZYpSV5XtPS^cSVY^ X(bWPSdSX * 9VYf^ VYX(agÝ^ VYUWPSZYRSÞZ5U_U+`YTS^^ VYdS]WUWrgU_PSZ5RSVYRghSZY`5SZYpSVYX * áKb_X(hSUWZYrV5f§f V5`Y]WXePSfLUWPSZYRSbWdSpZ|hSZY`YSZ5pSV|PSd]WaSV VYdScSbW^ PSdSi:VYdS] * A TSVY^ rgZ5cSZYbWU_Z5\SU_VnPS^UWPSZYRSVYRghSZ5`YSZYpSVYX * ;VY^ hSZY`5SZYpSV>aSV5U_hgZ5dSRgb_dSfPS^ i:ZY]Wb_PSd * VYdS]W^ Z5U_bWÖYV5RgZYdSRgRSbWX(]_^b_\STS]WVYRg^VYhSPSX(bW]_PS^b_V5X * þ U_]WVY^iPSRSTSUWVYfb_UWV>^VYhSPSX(bW]_PS^rgX(VYZY^ `5aghSZY]Wa * Kb_V5^ ZY^`YaSbW`YZYU+ZYhShSUWbW`YZY]WbWPSdg`YZY]WVYpSPS^b_Ö5ZY]Wb_PSd * áKVYhSVYdSRSV5dS`YrwRSVY`5U_Z5^ ZY]WbWPSdwÝ `YPSdSfU_bW`Y]WXyZYdSRwhS^ V5 ^ V5S TSb_X(bW]WVYX(Þ * `YU+ZYXtZY`Y]WbWcSZY]WbWPSdgX&hSV5`YbWf bW`YZY]WbWPSdgU_Z5dSpSTSZYpSV * OGPSRSTSUWVYX(X(hSVY`YbWf bW`|`YU[f TSdS`5]_bWPSdSX]WP,i:ZYdSbWhSTSUWZY]WV VYdScSbW^ PSdSi:VYdS] cSZ5^ bWZY\SUWVYX(x ZYUWb_Z5X&V5X(x Z5dSR Èy 9VYX(PSTS^`YVYXNbWd Z½X(aSVYUWUwb_dSRSV5hSVYdSRSVYdS]wiZ5dSdSVY^Q]WP STSVY^ r]WaSVK`YTS^ ^VYdS];PShSVY^ Z5]_bWPSdi:PSRSVsÝU_PSZ5RSxTSdSUWPSZYRSx b_dSfPSÞZYdSR]_PSTSVY^ rX(rSX&]WVYiobWdSf PS^iZ5]_bWPSdqÝiZ5`YaSbWdSV dSZYi:VYxSPShSVY^ Z5]_bWdSpgX(rSX(]WVYi^ VYUWVYZ5X&V5xSkÓkÓkÓÞ aSVOQPSRSTSU_V5XshSZY`YSZ5pSVq`5ZYd \SVTSX(VYRºdSVYZY^U_rºVYcSVY^rS zKaSVY^VLf PS^gZYhShSUWb_`5ZY]Wb_PSdeZY`5]_bWcSZY]WbWPSdSkl ]nb_X3dSPS]>UWb_i:bW]_V5R]WP bWdS]_V5^ ZY`5]_bWcSVETSX(V5kÆKX(VEbW]sbWd7rSPSTS^qX(`Y^b_hS]WX ݨ LÝ}Þ x±Y=¨ LÝ}Þ x ïY®(Ü»ÝA}Þ x¥PS^¯Y¸KS±5¨AÝA}Þ Þ xwbWdÈ[}B}¦X(]_Z5^ ]WTShX(`Y^ bWhS]WX&x¥È[}.} i:VYdSTgf bWUWVYX(xSVY]W`Yk þ XqZYdEZ5X(b_RSV5xzKV3aSZYcSV RSVY`YbWRSVYREdSPS]m]WPEbWihSUWVYi:VYdS] VYdScSbW^ PSdSi:VYdS]y`5ZY`YaSVYX¥f PS^:X(V5]_TSh£PSf:]WaSVQTSX(VY^5 XwV5dScSb_^PSdS i:VYdS]gRSTS^ bWdSp|UWPSpSbWdSkKaSVeOQPSRSTSUWVYXLhSZY`5SZYpSVePShS]_bWi:b_Ö5VYX VYdScSbW^ PSdSi:VYdS]vX&V5]_]WbWdSpzyaSVYdZ5`Y]Wb_cSZ5]_bWdSp:iTSUW]Wb_hSUWVKX(PSf ]WzKZY^V hSZY`5SZYpSVYXtzKbW]WagZ>X(bWdSpSU_V¸K©SÚSÛSÜ_¯BÝA}Þ`5PSii:ZYdSRSk W:Ë XKË YúËYÎS vË5Ì ZYX(]vrSVYZ5^zyVK\SVYpSZ5d:ZyiZ Ä°PS^^ VYcSbWX(bWPSd:PSf]_aSVyOQPSRS TSUWVYX|hSZY`YSZ5pSV,]_PZYRSRf V5ZY]WTS^ VYX|]_aSZ5]¥aSVYUWh]WaSV,U_Z5^§pSVYX(] bWdSX(]_Z5U_UWZY]WbWPSdSXiZ5dSZYpSVyX(PSf ]WzKZY^VYkaSbWXI^VYcSbWX(b_PSd?bWXcSVY^ X(bWPSd 2Sk ?PSf]WaSVyOQPSRSTSUWVYXhSZ5`YSZYpSV ZYdSR?bWX\SZ5`YSzKZY^R?`YPSi:hSZY]WbW \SUWV>zKbW]WagVYZY^ UWbWVY^^VYUWVYZYX(V5X&k
âãe
±Y«W²W³Y¯ + ¯Ã¯Y´SÚS¯Y´S±[Z\P¯Y¨(©SÜWÛS«W²_©S´ v ^ VYcSbWPSTSX(U_rYxI]_aSVLUWPSZYRSbWdSpPS^gTSdSUWPSZYRSbWdSpPSfgZLi:PSRS TSUWVYf bWUWV3b_XqZY\SPS^ ]WVYREbWf>Z3`YPSdSfU_bW`Y]mPS^nZ[RSV5hSVYdSRSVYdS`5rLbWXgdSPS] i:VY]Wk bW]Wa þ `Y]WbWcSV¦áKVYhSV5dSRSVYdS`Y] r 9IVYX(PSUWTS]_bWPSdSx i:PSRSTSU_V5 f bWUWVYXs`5ZYd fPS^ `YVi:PSRSTSUWVYf bWUWVYXs]WP \SVUWPSZYRSVYRºZYdSRºTSdSU_PSZ5RSVYR X(TS`YaL]WaSZY]tZYUWU`5PSdSf UWb_`5]_XgZ5dSRLRSVYhSVYdSRSVYdS`5b_V5XgZY^ V3^ VYX(PSUWcSVYRSk aSbWX VYdSZ5\SU_V5X ]WaSV[ZY`Y]WbWcSZY]Wb_PSdLPSf>`YPSi:hSU_V5]_V[X(PSf]_zKZ5^ V[X(rSX( ]WVYi:Xm`5PSdS]_Z5b_dSbWdSpX(VYcSV5^ ZYU;hSZY`YSZ5pSVYX]_aSZ5]Z5^ Vs`YPSdSX(bWRSVY^VYRZ X(VY]WkZ5dSRL]WaSV[i:PSRSTSUWVYf bWUWVYXgZ5^ V[dSPS]tUWPSZYRSV5RSkLOQPSRSTSUWVYf bWUWV zK^ bW]WVY^ XqZY^V[^VYX(hSPSdSX(b_\SUWV3f PS^nVYdSX(TS^b_dSpE]WaSVYX(V3`YZYX(VYXqRSPSd ] PS`Y`5TS^¼zKaSVYd X&hSV5`YbWf rSbWdSp RSVYhSVYdSRSV5dS`YbWVYX(koOQTS`Ya UWbWSV aSVYZ5RSVY^fb_UWVn`Y^ V5ZY]Wb_PSdqb_dqPS^R ^_^vxSbW]+bWXthSPSX(X(bW\SU_Vn]_Pq`Y^ V5ZY]WV i:PSRSTSU_V5f bWU_V5XtzKb_]Wag`YbW^ `5TSU_Z5^ZYdSRgbWdScSZYUWbWRgRSVYhSVYdSRSV5dS`YbWVYX(k J Z ¸ `S©SÜW²W\ ± a¯Y®(¨(²W©S´S¨ þ X(rSi:\SPSU_bW` cSVY^X&bWPSd[`YZYd[\SV Z5X&X(bWpSdSVYR[]WP?ZgX&hSV5`YbWf bW` ^ V5cSb_X(bWPSdºPSfIZ:X(PSf ]WzKZY^VhSZ5`YSZYpSV5kaSV:X(rSi:\SPSU_bW`:cSVY^ X(bWPSd ]WTS^ dSXüZÏi:VYZYdSbWdSpSUWVYX(Xü^ VYcSbWX(bWPSd U_bWSb V #SkÓSk } 5Sk bWdS]WP Z RSVYX(`Y^b_hS]WbWcSVsdSZYi:VsUWb_SV[ÒÓÒ
\SVY]WZ
ÓxÒ
ÒÓ`5TS^ ^ VYdS]Ô
PS^Ò
ÒÓPSUWR
ÓkuvPS^ X(rSX(]_V5iX?zKbW]WaQi:TSU_]WbWhSUWVºX(PSf]_zyZY^ VwhSZY`5SZYpSVYX?ZYX(X(b_pSdSbWdSpZ X(rSi:\SPSU_bW`GcSVY^ X(bWPSd7]WP7]WaSVG`YTS^ ^VYdS]s^ V5cSb_X(bWPSd7^VYRSTS`YV5X ]WaSV i:ZYbWdS]_V5dSZYdS`YVVYff PS^]yf PS^?`YPSdSfb_pSTS^b_dSp£X(PSf ]WzKZY^VX&rSX(]WVYi:X zKbW]WagiZ5dSrgcSVY^ X(bWPSdgPSfVYZ5`YaghSZY`5SZYpSVYk aSVTSX(VY^`YZ5djV5ZYX(b_UWr X(hSPS]|zKaSbW`Ya ^ VYcSbWX(bWPSdjbWX ^ V5U_V5ZYX(VYRSxIzKaSbW`Yae^ V5cSb_X(bWPSdeb_X3\SV5]_Z5xzyaSb_`5a^VYcSbWX(b_PSdSX3ZY^V PSUWRQZYdSRQzKaSbW`YaQ^ V5cSb_X(bWPSdQ\SVYUWPSdSpSX:]WPQZºX(hSVY`YbWf bW`ºX(rSX(]WVYi:k aSV`YTS^ ^VYdS]ZYX(X(bWpSdSi:VYdS]PSfZX&rSi:\SPSUWbW`qcSV5^ X(b_PSdº]WP VYZ5`Ya X(PSf ]WzKZY^V?^ VYcSbWX(b_PSd¥`YZ5dw\SV?UWbWX&]WVYR¥f PS^f TS]WTS^ V?^VYf V5^ VYdS`YV?bWd `YZ5X&Vº]WaSV TSX(VY^szyZYdS]WXq]WPGVYSZ5`Y]WU_rQ^ VYhS^ PSRSTS`5V ZYdGV5dScSb_^PSdS i:VYdS]+ZYf ]WVY^]_aSVnX&rSi:\SPSUWbW`>dSZYi:VYXt`YaSZ5dSpSVYk ÆKX(VY^XwaSZYcSVQ`5PSdS]_^PSUKPSf?]_aSV^ VYcSbWX(bWPSdNX(VYUWVY`Y]WbWPSdNZYX zKVYUWU>ZYX[]_aSV¥Z5X&X(bWpSdSi:VYdS]PSf X(rSi:\SPSUWb_`LcSVY^ X(bWPSdSX?]WPX(PSf ]W zKZY^V>^ V5cSb_X(bWPSdSX(k 0 ÛS«W©SÜ_©SSÚ `YUhS^ PScSbWRSVYXmfPS^]WaSVnZYTS]WPSUWPSZYRSbWdSpqPSff TSdS`5]_bWPSdSX(k·l fZ f TSdS`5]_bWPSdºb_XK`YZ5U_UWVYRº\STS]b_XKdSPS]RSVYf bWdSVYRºbWd ]WaSV`5TS^ ^ VYdS]`YU X(`Y^ bWhS]WxZUWbWX&]PSfmRSbW^ V5`Y]WPS^ bWVYXsbWXsX(V5ZY^ `YaSV5R fPS^m`5UUWb_\S^ZY^ bWVYX `YPSdS]WZYbWdSbWdSpg]_aSVnf TSdS`Y]WbWPSdSk þ TS]WPSUWPSZYRSbWdSpQV5ZYX(VYX?]_aSVw`5^ VYZ5]_bWPSdPSfyU_bW\S^ Z5^ bWVYX:`5PSdS ]WZYbWdSb_dSp|`5PSii:PSd|f TSdS`Y]WbWPSdSX(ksOQPSRSTSUWVYfb_UWVYXLX(aS^ bWdS|X(b_dS`5V `YPSRSV?bWXydSPS]RSTShSU_bW`YZ5]_V5RwUWVYZYRSbWdSp¥]_P¥ZYd¥PScSVY^ Z5U_U^ VYRSTS`5]_bWPSd bWd:iZ5b_dS]WVYdSZ5dS`YVK`5PSX(]_X(k+áKbWX(hSUWZYrSbWdSp:X(]_Z5dSRSZY^ R:bWdSf PS^iZ5]_bWPSd f PS^yhSZY`5SZYpSVYX?ZYdSRhSU_Z5]_fPS^ iÐRSVY]WVY`5]_bWPSdZY^ VwVYSZ5ihSUWVYX?PSf `YPSi:i:PSdgf TSdS`Y]WbWPSdSX(k Ú cLSS«W²W¨ 0 éS¨tS´Sd vb_i:bWU_Z5^?]_P£]WaSVÆtÇ[l È Ã®°©Ã©S¨AÝ}Þ?ZYdSR7R ¬ LSS«W²_¨AÝ}Þ `YPSi:i:ZYdSRSXnfPS^ti:ZYdSTSZ5UhSZYpSVYX(xZgPSdSVqUWb_dSVqRSVYX(`5^ bWhS]_bWPSd3bWX hS^ bWdS]WVYRf PS^ VYcSVY^ rZ5cSZYbWU_Z5\SU_V7iPSRSTSUWVYfb_UWVei:ZY]W`YaSbWdSp]WaSV pSbWcSVYd ZY^§pSTSi:VYdS]WkbW]_a ]_aSV dSTSi:\SVY^ÐPSfÐhSZY`YSZ5pSVYX bWdSX(]_Z5U_UWVYRgZ5]+X(PSiVnX(b_]WVYXt^VYZY`5aSb_dSpqX&]WZYpSpSV5^ bWdSpgaSVYbWpSaS]WX(xSb_]+bWX 0
âãSãSägå Bæèç|é|êºæèËYëv ËYìwí;Ë5>î ãSï ð ¡Y SívËYnñSò âãSãSä êgóKô;¢W¡YÎSõSSòS å
ú vYÊWÎS;¢+û ð Ì(ËYÊ
çKí;Ì(YÎS¡Y÷S ;5Ì&Ë5Ê_øù¢W ô3É]_Pe\S^ PSzKX(VLZYUWU>PSfg]WaSVLb_dSX(]WZYUWUWVYRX(PSf]_zyZY^ VLZY] UWZY^§pSVnb_dSX(]WZYUWUWZY]Wb_PSdSX(k Qt©¹S¹²_´¹ºS´Sd Ú ft¨(¹h ¯ g®(S±Y²W´¹ þ dSVY]WzKPS^ SzKbWRSVNU_PSpSpSbWdSp¦PSf ¸K©SÚSÛSÜW¯.ÝA}ÞwbWdScSPS`YZ5 ]Wb_PSdSXmTSX(b_dSp i¨ Z¨(ÜW©¹ Ý 2SÞVYdSZ5\SU_V5XtX(rSX(]WVYi:XtZYRSi:bWdSbWX&]W^ Z5]_PS^Xt]WP `YPSUWUWVY`Y]sX(]WZY]WbWX(]_bW`YXºPSd7]WaSVGTSX(ZYpSVGPSfqbWdSRSbWcSbWRSTSZYUsX(PSf ]WzKZY^V hSZY`5SZYpSVYX(j k KdSPSzKbWdSpzKaSVYdZeX(PSf ]WzKZY^VehSZY`YSZ5pSVeb_XEdSP UWPSdSpSVY^:bWdNTSX(VQaSVYUWhSXºi:ZYSV]_aSVQ]W^ Z5dSX(b_]WbWPSdNf ^ PSi PSU_RN]WP dSVYz¾cSVY^X&bWPSd½PSf ZRSPSVYXmdSPS]+pSTSZY^ ZYdS]WVYVn]WaSZY]+]WaSV TSX(VY^5 XtVYdScSbW^ PSdSi:VYdS]+bWXt^ VYX(]WPS^ VYRg]WPgZ>hS^VYcSbWPSTSXtX&]WZY]WV>zyaSVYd RSVYZ5`Y]Wb_cSZ5]_bWdSpÀi:PSRSTSU_V5f bWU_V5X(k3OQPSRSTSUWVYfb_UWVYX£i:ZYrÀ\SV¦cSV5^ r `YPSi:hSUWVYGX&`5^ bWhS]_X]WaSZY]mi:ZYSV bW]mRSbWf§fb_`5TSU_]PS^sb_dSfVYZYX(bW\SU_V ]WP VYSZ5`Y]WU_r7^VYcSVY^ X(VG]_aSV5b_^VYf§fVY`Y]szKbW]WaSPSTS]nX(]WPS^ bWdSp7]_aSVGVYdScSbW ^ PSdSi:VYdS]hS^ bWPS^y]WP]WaSVYbW^yZ5`Y]Wb_cSZ5]_bWPSdPS^ X&]WPS^ bWdSp]WaSVwV5SZY`Y] VYdScSbW^ PSdSi:VYdS]À`YaSZ5dSpSVYX ZY]ÀVYZY`Ya X(]WVYhSk þ UW]WVY^ bWdSp ]WaSV X(VYSTSVYdS`5V¥PSfgUWPSZYRSbWdSpZYdSReTSdSU_PSZ5RSb_dSpei:PSRSTSU_V5f bWU_V5X[ZYRSRSX rSVY]+i:PS^ V>`5PSihSUWVYSbW]Wrk l dEhS^ Z5`Y]Wb_`5VYx]_aSV ZY\SX(VYdS`YV3PSfsZYdEVYdScSbW^ PSdSi:VYdS]t`5PSdS ]Wb_dSTSTSiaSZYXt`5ZYTSX(VYRgf V5z|PS^dSPghS^ PS\SUWVYi:Xtf PS^TSX(VY^ X(k pp (s r ÌtκæBìwÎSÊ_Ê+ùNSYÊW, rr Á TS^X(]WTSRSbWVYXaSZYcSVsf PSTSdSR]WaSZY];iPSX(];iPSRSTSUWVYfb_UWVYXZY^V cSVY^rX(iZ5U_UWk Á TS]3PSfE RSb_ff V5^ VYdS]3i:PSRSTSU_V5f bWU_V5X(h x 5t `YPSdS]WZYbWd:U_V5X(X]WaSZYd: UWbWdSVYXZ5dSRPSdSUWr:VYbWpSaS];aSZYcSVK\SVY]WzKV5VYd } gZYdSRº } g`5PSii:ZYdSRgUWbWdSVYX(k
å SÌ(ËæèSìº@Ë rr þ pSPSPSRÀX(PSf ]WzKZY^ V¦ZY`5]_bWcSZY]WbWPSd X(PSU_TS]WbWPSd i:ZYSVYX£b_] `YPSdScSV5dSb_V5dS]3]_PobWdSX(]_Z5U_U3i:PS^ VX(PSf ]WzKZ5^ VzKaSbWU_VX(PSf ]WzKZY^V bWdSX(]_Z5U_UWZY]WbWPSd:ZYdSR?iZ5b_dS]WVYdSZ5dS`YVyb_XVYZYX(bWVY^Wk+ld:i:PSX(]v`YZYX(VYX(xZ TSX(VY^5 u X þ % VYdScSbW^ PSdSi:VYdS]3cSZY^ bWZY\SUWV|\SVY`5PSiV5XX(aSPS^]_V5^ ]WPSPS4k KPSzKV5cSVY^xX(PSiV?TSX(VY^ X ]_V5dSRw]WPwZY`5]_bWcSZY]WV?VYcSVY^ r¥X(PSf ]W zKZY^V½hSZY`5SZYpSV½]WaSVYr i:bWpSaS]wVYcSVY^TSX&V¦bWd ]_aSV5b_^X(aSVYUWU° X X(]WZY^ ]WTSh½f bWU_V5kgaSVzKPgvbWRSVYXB
¤IVYbWdSp7ZY\SUWVE]WP7VYff bW`YbWVYdS]WUWr7iZ5dSZYpSVEUWZY^pSVEbWdSX(]WZYUWU_Z5 ]Wb_PSdSX>PSftdSTSiV5^ PSTSX>X(PSf ]WzKZY^ VghSZY`YSZ5pSVYX>b_d[X(V5hSZY^ ZY]WV UWPS`YZ5 ]Wb_PSdSXqiZ5SVYXgbW]t`YPSdScSVYdSbWVYdS]t]WPLhS^PScSb_RSV3X(VYcSVY^ZYUtcSVY^ X(bWPSdSX PSf]WaSVGX(ZYi:VGX(PSf ]WzKZ5^ VGhSZY`5SZYpSVYk>aSbWXºRSPSVYXºaSVYUWhdSPS]X(ZY]WbWX&fr[]WaSVYbW^dSV5VYRSX>Ýb_kÓV5kÓx;aSZYX>dSV5z \STSpSX(Þ k þ UW]WaSPSTSpSaSx;]_aSbWX>`YZYhSZ5\Sb_UWbW]_r[]WVYdSRSX>]WP[iZ5SV cSVY^ X(bWPSd ]W^ ZYdSX(bW]Wb_PSdSXt]WZYSV>i:PS^ Vn]_bWi:VYk ÿ bWcSVYd]WaSbWX(xy]WaSVY^ V7bWXEUWVYX(XEhS^ V5X&X(TS^VefPS^3TSX(VY^5 XE]WP i:b_pS^ZY]WVG]WPî ãSï ð ¡YSí;Ë5>ñSò âãSãSä êgóKôv¢_¡5ÎSõSSòS å
pp ÷S 3ù¢WGæèSìºË5òS÷S
âãSã
ú vYÊWÎS;¢+û ð Ì(ËYÊ
çKívÌ( YÎS¡5÷S vYÌ(ËYÊWøù¢W ô3ÉZ?RSbWX(]W^ bW\STS]_V5R¥OQPSRSTSUWVYX X(VY^ cSV5^Wk¥;TS`5a¥Z?X(VY^cSVY^>zKPSTSU_RLZYX(X(b_X(]zKbW]Wa¥]WaSV?hS^ PS\SUWVYi:X PSfLTShSRSZY]WbWdSpZYdSRRSbWX(]_^b_\STS]WbWdSpiPSRSTSUWVYfb_UWVYXe]WPZ|zKbWRSV ^ Z5dSpSV>PSfi:ZY`YaSbWdSVYXtZ5dSRgRSPSiZ5b_dSX(k J ©ªY«_¬IS®°¯ + ²_¨(±5©S³Y¯Yi® Z ¤IVYrSPSdSR ]WaSV X(PSf ]WzKZ5^ V RSbWX(`YPScSV5^ r i:VY`YaSZ5dSb_X(i:X ZYcSZ5b_UWZY\SUWV3bWdE]WaSV3OQPSRSTSUWVYXqhSZY`YSZ5pSVYxzKV3X(V5V3Z3OQPSRSTSUWVYX X(VY^ cSV5^ÐhSVY^ i:bW]_]WbWdSp `YPSUWUWZY\SPS^ Z5]_bWPSd \SVY]WzKVYVYd RSbWf§f V5^ VYdS] ZYRSi:bWdSb_X(]W^ Z5]_bWcSV RSPSi:ZYbWdSXzKbW]WaSbWdGZ `5PSihSZ5dSrkldSRSb_cSbWRSTSZYU RSPSi:ZYbWdSXQ^TSd½]WaSVYbW^wPSzKd¦X&V5^ cSVY^wzKaSbW`Ya¦`YPSi:i:TSdSbW`YZY]WVYX zKbW]WaPS]WaSVY^7X(V5^ cSVY^XzKbW]WaSb_dÏZo`5PSihSZ5dSrk A TSVY^b_V5XfPS^ ZYcSZ5b_UWZY\SUWVyX(PSf ]WzKZY^ VyzKbW]WaSb_d?PSdSVKRSPSi:ZYbWd?`YZYd?\SVKi:PSRSbWf bWVYR ]WP?VYS]WVYdSR[]WP?PS]WaSVY^`YPSPShSVY^ZY]Wb_dSp[RSPSiZ5b_dSX(k;aS^ PSTSpSaKÇ[u; PS^?X(PSi:VPS]WaSVY^[f bWU_VZY`Y`YV5X(X¥iV5]_aSPSRSxsZ5d£ZYhShSUWb_`5ZY]Wb_PSd£bWd PSdSVqRSPSi:ZYbWd iZ5r3\SVqRSbWX(`YPScSV5^ VYR ZYdSR i:ZYRSVqZ5cSZYbWU_Z5\SU_Vq]WP ]WaSVºTSX(VY^WkvÇ[PS]WVº]WaSZY]IX(PSf ]WzKZ5^ VºRSbWX(`YPScSV5^ rQZYdSRQZ5`Y]Wb_cSZ5]_bWPSd bWd[]WaSbWX>i:ZYdSdSVY^tbWX>i:TS`Ya[UWbWSV ZgX(VYUWVY`5]_bWdSp[Z5' d K
O eU_bWdS PSdgZ>EVY\ghSZYpSVYk J ©ªY«_¬IS®°¯ / ´ª©S®(¸yS«_²W©S´ LVLVYShSVY`Y]>]WaSV¥OQPSRSTSUWVYX[X(VY^ cSVY^g]_PZ5`Y]Z5X[Z¥X(PSf ]W zKZY^V[bWdSf PS^ i:ZY]WbWPSd¥Z5dSRLRSPS`YTSi:VYdS]WZY]Wb_PSdL]WPSPSUUWbWSV[`YX(RSX(RS\ { } S~k>ÆKX(VY^XºX(aSPSTSUWR( * OGZ5b_dS]WZYbWdSVY^5 Xt`YPSdS]WZY`5]Z5RSRS^ VYX(X î}}
* b_`5VYdSX(b_dSpgbWdSf PS^iZ5]_bWPSd * ;PS]WVYdS]WbWZYU+X&PSTS^`YV>`5PSRSV>ZYcSZ5b_UWZY\SbWUWb_]Wr 9 VYcSbWX(bWPSdgaSb_X(]WPS^ r * 9 VY`5PS^ RgPSfZ5hShSU_bWVYRghSZ5]_`5aSVYX * UWZYdSdSVYRgTShSpS^ZYRSV>bWdSf PS^iZ5]_bWPSd * ;
þ Y` ]WbWcSZY]WbWdSp½PS^w^ V5]_^b_V5cSb_dSp¦bWdSf PS^ i:ZY]WbWPSd½Z5\SPSTS]:]WaSVNX(PSf ]W zKZY^V>`YZ5dgTSX(V>]WaSV>X(ZYi:V>TSX(VY^b_dS]WVY^f ZY`YV5k - ®°©¹®(S¸K¸K¯5®(¨ / ´S«W¯Y® ªS±5¯ LVyaSZ5cSVyZYUW^ VYZYRSr?X(VYV5d:]WaSVyRSVYcSV5U_PShSi:VYdS]PSfZyzKbWRSV ZY^^ ZYr:PSf]_PSPSUWXI]_aSZ5];TSX(VKZYdSR:ZYTSpSi:VYdS];]WaSVKOQPSRSTSU_V5XhSZY`5S ZYpSV5k bW]_a]_aSV,VYShSZYdSRSV5RÀ`YZYhSZ5\Sb_UWbW]_bWVYX£PSfZ¦OQPSRSTSUWVYX X(VY^ cSV5^xnzKVQX(VYVQX(TS`5aX(VY^ cSV5^ ZYXt]WaSVYrg\SVY`5PSiVnZYcSZYbWUWZY\SUWV>PS^`5aSZYdSpSVYk ft¨(¯Y® - ®°©ªY²WÜW¯Y¨tS´S Ú P¯YÜW¯YS¨(% ¯ keS´S¹¯Y¸K¯Y´S« ¤IZYX(VYR:TShSPSd?ZKTSX(VY^5 XIPS^pSZYdSbWÖYZY]WbWPSd:PS^ZKTSX(VY^5 XIhS^PS f bWUWVYxv]WaSVqUWb_X(]PSfmZ5cSZYbWU_Z5\SU_VqX(PSf ]WzKZY^VgZ5dSR3bWdSf PS^iZ5]_bWPSd3`5ZYd \SV?`YTSX(]WPSibWÖYV5RSkuvPS^VYSZYi:hSUWVYx`5VY^ ]WZYbWd¥ZYhShSUWb_`5ZY]Wb_PSdSX Ý PSaSx X(ZYr?¨(SÜWSi® Z«W©S©SÜÝ}Þ Þti:ZYr \SVgZYcSZYbWUWZY\SUWVg]WP3i:ZYdSZYpSV5^ XnbWd3ZYd PS^§pSZ5dSb_Ö5ZY]Wb_PSdg\STS]+dSPS]+]WPgVYcSVY^ rgV5ihSUWPSrSVYV5k v^ PSf bWUWVYXm`5ZYdZYUWX&P\SVsTSX(VYR]_P^ V5iPScSVs`5U_TS]W]WVY^Wk·vPSi:V TSX(VY^ Xi:ZYrdSPS];\SVsbWdS]WVY^ V5X&]WVYRbWdSdSPSzKbWdSpZY\SPSTS];]WaSVszKbWRSV ZYX(X(PS^ ]Wi:VYdS];PSf þ á½X&PSf]_zyZY^ VKZYcSZYbWUWZY\SUWVsPSd]WaSVKdSVY]WzKPS^ Sk ¤IVYbWdSp3ZY\SUWVg]WP3`5PSdSf bWpSTS^ Vq]_aSbWXnX(PSf ]WzKZ5^ VqPSTS]PSft]WaSVgcSbWVYzy ZY\SUWV?UWbWX(]PSf>X&PSf]_zyZY^ V[ZYX(X(b_X(]WX dSPScSbW`YV?TSX(VY^X zKaSP¥iZ5r¥\SV PScSVY^zKaSVYUWiV5R\SrQ]WaSVwUWZY^§pSV¥ZYi:PSTSdS]IPSfyX(PSf ]WzKZY^VwZYcSZYbWUW ZY\SUWV>PSdg]WaSV>dSV5]_zKPS^gZY]+Z>]WrShSb_`5ZYU+U_Z5^§pSVn`YPSi:hSZYdSrk Á f ]WVYdSxnZ5hShSU_bW`YZ5]_bWPSdSXwZY^ VQdSPS]yZYcSZYbWUWZY\SUWVQPSdNZYUWUK]WaSV aSZY^RSzKZY^ VqhSUWZY]Wf PS^ i:XnzKbW]WaSb_d Zg`5PSihSZ5dSrkvaSVqX(VY^cSVY^t`5ZYd f UWZYpoX(PSf ]WzKZ5^ VhSZY`5SZYpSVYX7]WaSZY]3Z5^ VTSdSZYcSZ5b_UWZY\SUWVPSdo]WaSV `YUWbWVYdS]Ô X3aSZY^ RSzKZ5^ V¥hSUWZY]Wf PS^i PS^g`YZYdeiZ5SV¥]WaSVYijZYhShSVYZ5^ TSdSZYcSZ5b_UWZY\SUWV>]WPg]WaSV>`YUWbWVYdS]Wk KbWRSbWdSp X(PSf]_zyZY^ VhSZ5`YSZYpSV5Xj]WaSZY]ZY^VdSPS]_rSVY]W ^ V5U_V5ZYX(VYRbWXZ5dSPS]_aSV5^cSZ5^ bWZY]Wb_PSdSk þ UWb_X(];PSfTSX(VY^X&x+VYkÓpSkÓx\SV5]_Z5 ]WVYX(]WVY^ X(xmzKbWUWUIX(VYV¥]_aSV5X(VwX(PSf ]WzKZY^VwhSZY`YSZ5pSVYX?UWb_X(]WVYRzKaSbWUWV PS]WaSVY^TSX&V5^ XIzKbWUWUvdSPS]v\SVK]WVYi:hS]WVYR:\Sr?hSPS]_V5dS]_bWZYUWUWr:TSdSX(]WZY\SUWV X(PSf ]WzKZY^VYk Ú z©S¸vÃÜW|¯ {+²_« Z - ¯Y® ªY©S®(¸KS´S±Y¯nS´Sd LVi:VY]WaSPSRSXtPSdg]WaSV>UWPS`YZYU+aSPSX(]Wk aSV i:PSRSTSUWVYf bWUWV RSPSVYX(dÕ]maSZ5cSV ]WPG\SV X(]_Z5]_bW`Ykl]m`5ZYd bWdS]_V5^ f Z5`YVqzKbW]Wa3]WaSVqTSX(VY^m]WP X(TSpSpSVYX(]i:PSRSbWf bW`YZY]WbWPSdSXs]_P ]WaSV UWPS`YZYU+aSPSX(]+hS^ bWPS^]WPgU_PSZ5RSb_dSpg]WaSV>Z5hShSU_bW`YZ5]_bWPSdSk bWSV[]_aSV[i:PSRSTSU_V5f bWU_V5X TSX(VYRLbWd¥]WaSV[OQPSRSTSU_V5X hSZY`5S ZYpSV5x]WaSV[hS^VY UWPSZYRSVYREi:PSRSTSU_V5f bWU_V5Xg`YZYdEhS^ PScSbWRSV[bWdSf PS^iZ5 ]Wb_PSdqZY\SPSTS]]_aSVnZYhShSUWbW`YZY]WbWPSdg]WaSZY]aSVYUWhSXt]WaSVnTSX(VY^RSVY]WVY^ i:bWdSV bWftaSVgPS^tX(aSVgzKZ5dS]_Xn]WP3`YPSdS]Wb_dSTSVq]_aSVgRSPSzydSU_PSZ5RSk3u;TS^ ]WaSVY^ i:PS^ VYx]_aSV5X(V[hS^ V5 UWPSZYRSVYREiPSRSTSUWVYfb_UWVYXq`YZYdEaSZYdSRSUWV[bWX(X(TSVYX UWb_SV U_bW`YV5dSX(b_dSpEZ5dSREiPSdSV5]_Z5^ rEVYS`5aSZYdSpSV3hS^b_PS^s]_PGRSPSzKdS UWPSZYRSbWdSpQ]_aSVwZYhShSUWb_`5ZY]Wb_PSdSkQldQX(TS`YaQZºX(bW]WTSZY]Wb_PSdSxt]WaSVºTSX(V5^ i:b_pSaS]VYdÄÔPSrQZYdbWdSRSb_`5ZY]Wb_PSdPSfyzKaSVY]WaSVY^y]WaSVºZ5hShSU_bW`YZ5]_bWPSd zKbWUWUV5SVY`YTS]WV>PSdgaSbWXtPS^aSVY^iZ5`YaSbWdSVYk LV3aSZYcSVKÄÔTSX(]\SV5pSTSdL]_PLX(`5^ ZY]W`YaL]WaSV[X(TS^ fZY`YV[PSfnZYd bWihSUWVYi:VYdS]WZY]WbWPSd\SVYfPS^ V>ZYdSrgbWi:hSUWVYi:VYdS]WZY]Wb_PSdgbWXt`YPSi:hSUWVY]WVYk èæ ;ìºìwÎS l dZY\SX(]W^ Z5`Y]Wb_dSp]WaSV¥TSX(VY^ f^ PSi ]WaSV¥RSV5]_Z5b_UWX[PSf X(PSf ]W zKZY^Vî ãSï ð ¡YSí;Ë5>ñSò âãSãSä êgóKôv¢_¡5ÎSõSSòS å
î} â
ú vYÊWÎS;¢+û ð Ì(ËYÊ
çKívÌ( YÎS¡5÷S vYÌ(ËYÊWøù¢W ô3ÉV5 i:ZYbWUZ5]YÄÔkÓf TS^U_Z5dS!b ebWVYV5VYkÓPS^pSk vVY]WVY^n¥k Á X(VYUt^VY`YVYbWcSVYREaSbWXgRSbWhSUWPSiZ3bWdLV5U_V5`Y]W^ bW`YZYU VYdSpSbWdSVYV5^ bWdSpf^ PSiü]WaSVKV5`YaSdSbWX(`YaSVKÆKdSbWcSVY^ X(bWl] Y];
O SdS`5aSVYd Ý ÆKOQÞnbWdzKZ5XtzKPS^Sb_dSpqf PS^]_aSVnvVYi:b_`5PSdSRSTS`Y]WPS^ áKbWcSbWX&bWPSdePSfq;bWVYi:VYdSX(R k yVLzKZ5X3^ VYX(hSPSdSX(bW\SU_VEf PS^qzKPS^ UWRS zKbWRSV?bWdS]WVYpS^ Z5]_bWPSd¥ZYdSR¥RSbWX(]W^ bW\STS]_bWPSd¥PSf]WaSV? þ áÀX(rSX(]WVYi:x ZYX3zyVYUWU>Z5X3]_aSVERSVYcSVYUWPShSi:VYdS]nPSfg`5VYdS]W^ ZYUn]WPSPSUWX&xZYdSRe]WaSV `YPSPS^RSb_dSZ5]_bWPSd£PSf?]WaSVRSV5cSVYUWPShSiV5dS]yX(bW]WVYXBsX(rSX(]WVYi VYdScSbW ^ PSdSi:VYdS]WX(k;bWdS`Y\ V C(TSUWr } 1ºaSVbWXszyPS^ SbWdSp f PS^vbWVYi:VYdSX ¤ITSX&bWdSVYX(X3vVY^cSb_`5VYX ÿ i:\ P Á ÿ bWde]WaSVLRSVYhSZ5^ ]W i:VYdS]m]WaSZY]mZYRSi:b_dSbWX(]W^ ZY]WVYXqZ5U_UmzKPS^SX&]WZY]WbWPSdSXqPSfn]WaSV3vVYi:bW `YPSdSRSTS`5]_PS^áKbWcSbWX(b_PSd?PSfvb_V5iV5dSX(k+ld:vVYhS]WVYi:\SVY^n } 1?aSV i:PScSVYR f^ PSi OQTSdSb_`5aSx ÿ VY^iZ5dSrx3]WP ITShSVY^]_bWdSPSx3 þ x zKaSVY^VQaSVQRSVYX(bWpSdSX(x>bWi:hSU_V5iV5dS]_XwZYdSRNZYRSi:bWdSb_X(]W^ ZY]WVYXw]WaSV `YPSi:hSTS]WVGVYdScSbW^ PSdSi:VYdS]sf PS^]WaSVGRSVYcSV5U_PShSi:VYdS]sZ5dSR7i:ZY^ SVY]WbWdSp?PSfvb_V5iV5dSXBdSVYz,ibW`Y^PS`YPSdS]W^ PSUWU_V5^f Z5ibWUWrk 9IVYZ5`Ya vVY]WVY^7Z5]EvbWVYi:VYdSXµ¤TSX(bWdSVYX(XµvVY^ cSbW`YV5X ÿ i\ IP Á ÿ x;¤IØáK 22S x vPSX&]Wf Z5`Y a } 5 Sxáy } 1 } 5 O SdS`YaSVYdSx ÿ VY^ i:ZYdSr PS^ZY];bWVYi:VYdSXsIPSihSPSdSV5dS]_X(xldS`YkÓx } >Ç[PS^]_aZ5dS]_Z5T þ cSVYdSTSVYxITShSVY^]_bWdSPSx þ } #;PS^ \SrNV5 i:ZYbWUyZY]yhSzKP ukÓvbWVYi:VYdSX(kÓ á xnPS^?X(VYVaSb_XwEVY\ hSZYpSVnZY]+aS]_]W3h ( ;!;WzKzKzkÓIPSdSdSVY`Y]W á k Ç % ;!hSzKP ;_k KËYøËYËY;¡5ËYÌ
{}~3C(PSaSdku;TS^U_Z5dSb_xmÒ
ÒÓOQPSRSTSUWVYX)(Tv^ PScSbWRSb_dSp Zqu;UWVYSbW\SUWV ÆKX(VY ^ dScSbW^ PSdSi:VYdS]ÔÓ
x - ®°©S±Y¯5¯YÚS²W´¹¨©ª!« LSU ¯ ² ªl« L QtS®_¹¯ / ´S¨&«WSÜWÜWS«_²W©S´ J Z¨(«W¯Y¸K¨ 0 ÚS¸y²_´S²W¨(«W®(S«_²W©S ´ z©S´ K ªY¯Y®°¯Y´S±5 ¯ Q / J 0 ax PSdSp:¤IVYZ5`YaSx þ x Á `Y]WPS\SVY^I } S 2Sx } SSk {S~IZY^ U KZ5TSX(VY^xî ãSï ð ¡Y SívËYnñSò âãSãSä êgóKô;¢W¡YÎSõSSòS å
ú vYÊWÎS;¢+û ð Ì(ËYÊ cSZY^b_Z5\SU_V5XbWd[Z X(aSV5U_UW bWdSRSVYhSV5dSRSVYdS]iZ5dSdSVY^5
Óx;ÆtÇ[lÈ i:ZYd hSZYpSVqZYdSR X(PSTS^ `YVq`YPSRSVqfPS^mcSVY^ X(bWPSdQ}k 1 PSfm]WaSV ZYhShSUWbW`YZY]WbWPSdSx C(TSU_rº } Sk {S~OQbW`YaSZYVYU þ ktPSPShSV5^xKÒ
Ò Á cSVY^aSZYTSUWb_dS
p 9IRSb_X(]If PS^K]WaSV SXB
Óx - ®°©S±Y¯Y¯5ÚS²_´¹¨m©ªl« LS¯ J ² {+!« L J Z¨(«W¯Y¸K¨ 0 ÚS¸K²W´S²W=¨ K «W®(S«_²W©S ´ z©S´ªY¯Y®°¯5´S±Y ¯ Q / J 0 a / xhShSk } 5SA } Sx PSdSp ¤IVYZY`YaSxS þ x Á `5]_PS\SV5^ } S 2Sx } SSk { S3~ vVY]WVY^Lk Á X(VYUWxb_UWf ^b_V5R ÿ YdSX(aSV5b_i:VY^»xÒ
Ò Á hSVYdSáyb_X(] µl dS`Y^VYi:VYdS]WZYUvPSf ]WzKZY^V¥áKbWX(]_^b_\STS]WbWPSd
Óx - ®°©S±Y¯Y¯5ÚK ²W´¹¨©ªKl« LSw ¯ O ²W´Sl« L J Z¨(«W¯Y¸K¨ 0 ÚS¸K²W´S²_¨(«W®(S«W²_©S ´ z©S´ª¯5[® K ¯Y´S±5 ¯ Q / J 0/ YxwhShSk7 } }A } 2Sx¥OGPSdS]WVY^VYrYxw þ x vVYhS]WVYi:\SVY^ } 5S SSx } Sk {} S~I^ ZY¡ r 9V5X&V5ZY^ `5aSx l dS`5¢ k v^ PSRSTS`Y]WX(k aS]W]W3h ( ;l;WzKzKzk `Y^ZYrkÓ`5PS\ i ;lvÆKR ¤ l £ ;WhS^ PSRSTS`5]_b_dSfP ;_X(j z ;Yk { }B}3~ ZY^^ rNLZ5U_UyZ5dS¤ R 9IZYdSRSZYj U knv`YaSzyZY^ ]WÖYx - ®Ô©¹®(S ¸ K þ X(X(PS`YbWZY]WVYX(x ldS`YkÓx ¸K²W´¹ ï5®(Üx Á 9IVYbWU_UWr vVY\SZYX(]WPShSPSU_xS þ x } }k {}S~vrSX&]WVYb i X(PSf]_zKZ5^ Vqi:ZYdSZYpSVYi:VYdS]TS]_bWUWb_]WbWVYX(xvvPSUWZY^ bWX Sk iZ5dSTSZYUhSZYpSV5XwÃÅÔ¹SÚSÚÝ}Þ xnÃÅ ¹¸KÅ.Ý}Þ xnÃÅ 3¹ K «W®(S´S¨#Ý}ÞVY]W`Yk { } 2S~ 0 J ÚS²_¨(«W®(l² `SÛS«_¯5Ú ªY²WÜ_¯5i¨ Z¨(«W¯Y¸ 0B¥ k aS]W]_3h ( ;l;_zyzKzkÓ`YbWX&kÓPSaSbWPS X(]WZY]WVYkÓV5RST ;_aSrShSV5^ ]WVYSl] ;_fZY ;WTSX(VYdSVYl] ; ZYfX&f ZY ;Wf Z5SkÓaS]_i:UYk { } #S3~ C(ZYi:VYX ÿ PSX(UWbWdSpSx KVYdS^rgOQ` ÿ bWU_]WPSdSxÒ
ÒÓaSS V C(ZYcSB Z Z5dS pSTSZYpSF V dScSbW^ PSdSi:VYdS]Ô
Óx þ x PSdSp:¤IVYZ5`YaSx þ x Á `Y]WPS\SVY^I } S 2Sx } SSk { } 1S3~ C(PSaS§ d 5 k 9PSTSbWUWU_Z5^ R Z5dS§ R 9IbW`YaSZY^ R ¤IkÀOQZY^]_bWdSx Ò
ÒÓáKV5hSPS]_7 b_]W@V ( þ OQVY`5aSZYdSbWX(i fPS^KOQZYdSZYpSbWdSpQvPSf ]W zKZY^V
Óx - ®°©S±5¯Y¯YÚS²W´¹¨ ©ª l« LS¨ ¯ ² 3¹ LSl« L J Z¨(«W¯Y¸K¨ ´ z©S´ª¯5®°¯Y´S±Y ¯ Q / J 0 a / /7/ x¼hShSk 0 ÚS¸K²W´S²W¨&«W®(S«W²_©S© 2S }xSvZYdgáKbWVYpSPSxS þ xSvVYhS]WVYi:\SVY^ } S 2Sx } #Sk { } 5S~LZ5U_]WVY^IkSLPSdSpSxÒ
Ò PS`YZYUáKb_X(qáKVYhSPS]5ÂwTSX(]WPSi:b_Ö5 bWdSpG]_aSVº;PSf]_zyZY^ d V dScSb_^PSdSiV5dS]°
Óx - ®°©S±Y¯Y¯5ÚS²_´¹¨©ª l« LS¯ J ¯Y³Y¯5´S!« L J Z¨(«W¯Y¸K¨ 0 ÚS¸K²W´S²W¨(«_®(S«W²W©Sª ´ z©S´ªY¯Y®°¯Y´S±5¯ Q / J 0 a / / xvhShS_ k } SxvOQPSdS]_V5^ VYrYxv þ xèÇ[PScSV5i\SV5^ } Sx } 2Sk { } S~Pèhè] 8vRèVhèPè]SÂGaè]
]
_h ( ;;
znznztk Z^UÓTè]
k Tè]
VèZXÔk VRè«T ;ÓP hè] 8vRèVhèPè] ; PShS] 8RSVYhSPS]WkÓaS]_i:UYk { } S~v±Y¨(ÚS¨(Ú `¬bz©S¸vÃÛS«W¯Y® J ±Y²W¯Y´S±Y¯ + ²_³5²_¨(²W©S´ J ©ªY«W¬S®Ô¯ h ( ;;Óz>z>zk ZA^§UÕTB]Ók TB]ÓVABZX°k VRB)T ;Ó`AXÔ)R ;Õ`XÔRBXÔRB)\ ;Ak + S«W `SS¨(¯.x[aB]Ó]Ó {
S~bWdSb ÿ V Ç[Æ þ¼ÿ i:\ Kxtf ]W3h ( ;!;WzKzyzmkÓpSV5dSTSZYkÓRSV ;W]WPSPSU_=X ; bWdSb_kÓ]WZY^WkÓpSÖk {
}3~ KVYdSdSV5]_aLOGZ5dSaSVYbWiV5^x¤IZY^ ^r þ kLZ5^ X(ZYzxv]_V5hSaSVYd Ç[kIUWZY^ SxEZYUW]_V5. ^ 9IPSzKVYxsÒ
Ò
aSV áKV5hSPS¦] ( þ uv^ Z5iV5 zKPS^ ,fPS^¥;aSZ5^ bWdSp,;PSf]_zKZ5^ V£ldSX&]WZYUWUWZY]WbWPSd þ `Y^ PSX(X Á ^pSZYdSbWÖYZY]WbWPSdSZYUZYdSR3ÆtÇ[l® È vUWZY]Wf PS^ i\SPSTSdSRSZ5^ bWVYXB
Óx ¯ ©SÛS®(l« LUQtS®_¹¯ / ´S¨&«WSÜWÜWS«_²W©S´ - ®°©S±Y¯5¯YÚS²W´¹¨¦©ª l« LS¯ J Z¨(«W¯Y¸K¨ 0 ÚS¸K²W´S²W¨(«_®(S«W©S3 ® ° ¨ z©S´ªY¯Y®°¯5´S±Y¯.x>hShSB k 25S #1Sx IPSU_PS^ZYRSPg;hS^b_dSpSX(xS Á x Á `5]_PS\SV5^ } SA } Sx } Sk {
SS3~ C(PSaSdº;V5U_UWVYdSX(xÒ
Ò
;PSf ]WzKZ5^ VOQZYbWdS]WVYdSZYdS`5VbWdºZIZYi: hSTS
X dScSbW^ PSdSi:VYdS|] (naSVî ãSï ð ¡YSí;Ë5>ñSò âãSãSä êgóKôv¢_¡5ÎSõSSòS å
çKí;Ì(YÎS¡Y÷S ;5Ì&Ë5Ê_øù¢W ô3É
